C7(P32) and C6(P34) PR proteins induced in tomato leaves by citrus exocortis viroid infection are chitinases

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J.García Breijo ◽  
R. Garro ◽  
V. Conejero
Keyword(s):  
Pr Proteins ◽  
Citrus Exocortis Viroid ◽  
Viroid Infection

scholarly journals Ethylene is Involved in Symptom Development and Ribosomal Stress of Tomato Plants upon Citrus Exocortis Viroid Infection

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Francisco Vázquez Prol ◽  
M. Pilar López-Gresa ◽  
Ismael Rodrigo ◽  
José María Bellés ◽  
Purificación Lisón
Keyword(s):  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Citrus Exocortis Viroid ◽  
Viroid Infection ◽  
Ribosomal Stress

Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) is known to cause different symptoms in citrus trees, and its mechanism of infection has been studied in tomato as an experimental host, producing ribosomal stress on these plants. Some of the symptoms caused by CEVd in tomato plants resemble those produced by the phytohormone ethylene. The present study is focused on elucidating the relationship between CEVd infection and ethylene on disease development. To this purpose, the ethylene insensitive Never ripe (Nr) tomato mutants were infected with CEVd, and several aspects such as susceptibility to infection, defensive response, ethylene biosynthesis and ribosomal stress were studied. Phenotypic characterization revealed higher susceptibility to CEVd in these mutants, which correlated with higher expression levels of both defense and ethylene biosynthesis genes, as well as the ribosomal stress marker SlNAC082. In addition, Northern blotting revealed compromised ribosome biogenesis in all CEVd infected plants, particularly in Nr mutants. Our results indicate a higher ethylene biosynthesis in Nr mutants and suggest an important role of this phytohormone in disease development and ribosomal stress caused by viroid infection.

scholarly journals Global Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Insights into the Response of ‘Etrog’ Citron (Citrus medica L.) to Citrus Exocortis Viroid Infection

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Wang ◽  
Jiaxing Wu ◽  
Yuanjian Qiu ◽  
Sagheer Atta ◽  
Changyong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Argonaute 2 ◽  
Citrus Exocortis Viroid ◽  
Viroid Infection ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Rna Polymerase 1

Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) is the causal agent of citrus exocortis disease. We employed CEVd-infected ‘Etrog’ citron as a system to study the feedback regulation mechanism using transcriptome analysis in this study. Three months after CEVd infection, the transcriptome of fresh leaves was analyzed, and 1530 differentially expressed genes were detected. The replication of CEVd in citron induced upregulation of genes encoding key proteins that were involved in the RNA silencing pathway such as Dicer-like 2, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1, argonaute 2, argonaute 7, and silencing defective 3, as well as those genes encoding proteins that are related to basic defense responses. Many genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and chitinase activity were upregulated, whereas other genes related to cell wall and phytohormone signal transduction were downregulated. Moreover, genes encoding disease resistance proteins, pathogenicity-related proteins, and heat shock cognate 70 kDa proteins were also upregulated in response to CEVd infection. These results suggest that basic defense and RNA silencing mechanisms are activated by CEVd infection, and this information improves our understanding of the pathogenesis of viroids in woody plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Benzothiadiazole on the Metabolome of Tomato Plants Infected by Citrus Exocortis Viroid

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pilar López-Gresa ◽  
Celia Payá ◽  
Ismael Rodrigo ◽  
José María Bellés ◽  
Susana Barceló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Citrus Exocortis Viroid ◽  
Viroid Infection ◽  
Infected Tomato

Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a functional analogue of the phytohormone salycilic acid (SA) involved in the plant immune response. NahG tomato plants are unable to accumulate SA, which makes them hypersusceptible to several pathogens. Treatments with BTH increase the resistance to bacterial, fungal, viroid, or viral infections. In this study, metabolic alterations in BTH-treated Money Maker and NahG tomato plants infected by citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using multivariate data analysis, we have identified defence metabolites induced after viroid infection and BTH-treatment. Glycosylated phenolic compounds include gentisic and ferulic acid accumulated in CEVd-infected tomato plants, as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine, aspartate, glutamate, and asparagine. Besides, an increase of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine, adenosine, and trigonelline, contributed to a clear discrimination between the metabolome of BTH-treated tomato leaves and their corresponding controls. Among them, GABA was the only metabolite significantly accumulated in both genotypes after the chemical treatment. In view of these results, the addition of GABA was performed on tomato plants infected by CEVd, and a reversion of the NahG hypersusceptibility to CEVd was observed, indicating that GABA could regulate the resistance to CEVd induced by BTH.

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