Extinction with Parental Presence

2011 ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyn G. France
Keyword(s):  
Parental Presence

Parental presence during pediatric retrieval: the caregiver’s perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemie Capucine Lefevre ◽  
Lucie Jarrier ◽  
Audrey Normand ◽  
Daniele De Luca ◽  
Gilles Jourdain
Keyword(s):  
Parental Presence

scholarly journals Virtual Reality vs. Tablet Video as an Experiential Education Platform for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Chest Radiography: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2486
Author(s):  
Jung-Hee Ryu ◽  
Jin-Woo Park ◽  
Sang Il Choi ◽  
Ji Young Kim ◽  
Hyunju Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Experiential Education ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Procedure Time ◽  
Parental Presence ◽  
Education Platform ◽  
Procedural Outcomes

Virtual reality (VR), which offers an immersive experience, has been implemented into the education of pediatric patients to reduce peri-procedural anxiety. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of VR, compared with standard video, on reducing anxiety and distress in pediatric patients undergoing chest radiography. A total of 120 children aged 4 to 8 years with scheduled chest radiography appointments were randomized into either the tablet or the VR group. Children in the tablet group experienced chest radiography indirectly with a 3 min tablet video, whereas those in the VR group received the same content via a VR experience. The distress of children was measured using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress (OSBD) scale. Parental presence and procedural outcomes were also recorded. The number of less distressed children (OSBD score < 5) was significantly higher in the VR group than in the tablet group (49 [81.7%]) vs. 32 [53.3%]) (p = 0.001). The OSBD scores, the need for parental presence, the procedure time, and the number of repeated procedures were all lower in the VR group. The immersive VR experience appears to decrease the degree of anxiety in children and increase the efficiency of the procedures compared with the tablet video with the same content.

Predictors of loneliness among the left-behind children of migrant workers in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cut Maghfirah Faisal ◽  
Sherly Saragih Turnip
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parental Presence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Children Of Migrant Workers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare loneliness between the left-behind children of migrant workers and the non-left-behind ones, and identify the most significant predictors of loneliness among the left-behind children. Design/methodology/approach Incidental sampling was performed to select 629 participants aged 11–16 from 5 schools in the rural areas of Karawang and Lombok in Indonesia. They filled in paper-and-pencil self-report inventories. Findings Left-behind children were significantly lonelier than their counterparts were. Emotional loneliness was more affected by parental absence compared to social loneliness. Left-behind children would be more susceptible to experience loneliness if they had more access to entertainment gadgets, experienced less support and intimacy from friends, had been left by their migrant parents more than once, were female, had low self-esteem, experienced emotional difficulties and rarely communicated with their parents. Research limitations/implications Qualitative research was needed to provide more elaborative explanation about the findings. Practical implications Parents needed to consider the psychological cost and benefit of working abroad to their children. Governments could intervene by limiting the duration and frequency of work among the migrant workers. Social implications Some beneficial implications to prevent and reduce loneliness among left-behind children were provided, such as by maintaining the frequency and quality of communication with the children, motivating and guiding the children to interact with their peers and spend less time on entertainment gadgets, as well as encouraging the children to engage in several positive activities to enhance their self-esteem. Originality/value This study enriched the understanding about complex relationship between parental presence and adolescents’ mental health despite the fact that adolescents seemed to be more interested in relationships with peers.

Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia Improves Compliance of the Child and Reduces Emergence Delirium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Gil Mayo ◽  
Pascual Sanabria Carretero ◽  
Luis Gajate Martin ◽  
Jose Alonso Calderón ◽  
Francisco Hernández Oliveros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Pediatric Anesthesia ◽  
Preoperative Anxiety ◽  
Preoperative Preparation ◽  
Parental Presence ◽  
Emergence Delirium ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
American Society ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists ◽  
Preparation Strategy

Abstract Introduction Preoperative stress and anxiety in pediatric patients are associated with poor compliance during induction of anesthesia and a higher incidence of postoperative maladaptive behaviors. The aim of our study was to determine which preoperative preparation strategy improves compliance of the child during induction and decreases the incidence and intensity of emergence delirium (ED) in children undergoing ambulatory pediatric surgery. Materials and Methods This prospective observational study included 638 pediatric American Society of Anesthesiologists I–II patients who underwent ambulatory pediatric surgery, grouped into four preoperative preparation groups: NADA (not premedicated), MDZ (premedicated with midazolam), PPIA (parental presence during induction of anesthesia), and PPIA + MDZ. The results were subsequently analyzed in four age subgroups: Group 1 (0–12 months), Group 2 (13–60 months), Group 3 (61–96 months), and Group 4 (> 96 months). Preoperative anxiety (modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale [m-YPAS]), compliance of the child during induction (Induction Compliance Checklist [ICC]), and ED (Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale) were analyzed in each group. Results Eighty-one percent of patients in the PPIA + MDZ preparation group presented a perfect compliance during the induction of anesthesia (ICC = 0), less preoperative anxiety (mean score m-YPAS = 26), less probability of ED (odds ratio: 10, 5 [3–37.5]; p < 0.05), and less ED intensity compared with the NADA group (1.2 vs. 5.8; p = 0.001). Conclusion PPIA associated with midazolam premedication improves compliance during induction and decreases the incidence and intensity of ED.

Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia versus Sedative Premedication 

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeev N. Kain ◽  
Linda C. Mayes ◽  
Shu-Ming Wang ◽  
Lisa A. Caramico ◽  
Maura B. Hofstadter
Keyword(s):  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parental Anxiety ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Parental Presence ◽  
Midazolam Group ◽  
Oral Midazolam ◽  
Post Hoc

Background Both midazolam and parental presence during induction of anesthesia are routinely used to treat preoperative anxiety in children. The purpose of this investigation was to determine which of these two interventions is more effective. Methods Anxiety of the child during the perioperative period was the primary end point. Secondary end points included anxiety of the parent and compliance of the child during induction. Children (n = 88) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) 0.5 mg/kg oral midazolam; (2) parental presence during induction of anesthesia; or (3) control (no parental presence or premedication). Using multiple behavioral measures of anxiety, the effect of the intervention on the children and their parents was assessed. Results Observed anxiety in the holding area (T1), entrance to the operating room (T2), and introduction of the anesthesia mask (T3) differed significantly among the three groups (P = 0.032). Post hoc analysis indicated that children in the midazolam group exhibited significantly less anxiety compared with the children in the parental-presence group or control group (P = 0.0171). Similarly, parental anxiety scores after separation were significantly less in the midazolam group compared with the parental-presence or control groups (P = 0.048). The percentage of inductions in which compliance of the child was poor was significantly greater in the control group compared with the parental-presence and midazolam groups (25% vs. 17% vs. 0%, P = 0.013). Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, oral midazolam is more effective than either parental presence or no intervention for managing a child's and parent's anxiety during the preoperative period.

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