Test Methods for Asphalt Binders

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Speight
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Binders

scholarly journals What are the Alternatives of PG Plus Tests for Modified Asphalt Binders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
MM Tariq Morshed ◽  
Mohammad Nazmul Hassan ◽  
Zahid Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Empirical Performance ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Departments Of Transportation

For characterizing the polymer modified binders, different state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) use different time consuming and empirical Performance Grade (PG) Plus test methods. Furthermore, the PG Plus tests are silent when asphalt binders are modified with chemicals such as polyphosphoric acid (PPA). But, the effects of the polymer are not accurately identified through these conventional tests such as Elastic Recovery (ER) and tenacity. The main goal of this study is to recommend alternative test method(s), which can possibly be pursued by using, a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Thus, Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR), ER-DSR, Frequency Sweep, and Binder Yield Energy Test (BYET) are being explored to find their effectiveness. Three PG binders (PG 64-22, PG 70-22 and PG 76-22) have been selected for this investigation. These binders have been prepared with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer, PPA, or a combination of both. Further, chemical tests such as SARA (Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, and Asphaltene) analysis and FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy) are also being explored to fulfill the objectives. Preliminary findings suggest that the PG Plus tests deem to be obsolete. Also, a single test procedure is not sufficient to identify the presence and effectiveness of modifiers in the PG binders.

Factors Affecting Variability in Strategic Highway Research Program Binder Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 1728 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Anderson ◽  
Mihai O. Marasteanu ◽  
James M. Mahoney ◽  
Jack E. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
State University ◽  
Pennsylvania State University ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Testing Practice ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Connecticut

Two binder technician workshops were held in January 1998, one at the Connecticut Advanced Pavement Laboratory at the University of Connecticut and one at the Northeast Center of Excellence for Paving Technology at Pennsylvania State University. These workshops were followed by a second set in 1999. The overall objective was to improve the repeatability of the test methods used to grade Superpave® asphalt binders. During the workshops, participants demonstrated and discussed the techniques used in their own laboratories. A document, Manual of Practice for Testing Asphalt Binders in Accordance with the Superpave PG Grading System, was developed for use by asphalt binder technicians and as a training aid for a proposed binder technician certification program. The results of the discussions that were held during the workshops and the items that are presented in the manual of practice are summarized. The results were grouped into four main categories: ( a) handling, sampling, and sample preparation; ( b) temperature measurements; ( c) equipment calibration; and ( d) testing procedures. The items discussed here and in the manual of practice supplement and clarify the current AASHTO test methods. The test methods in themselves are not sufficient to ensure uniformity in testing practice from one laboratory to the other.

Microstructure, Morphology, and Failure Modes of Polymer-Modified Asphalts

1996 ◽  
Vol 1535 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Eugene Shin ◽  
Alekh Bhurke ◽  
Edward Scott ◽  
Steve Rozeveld ◽  
Lawrence T. Drzal
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Concrete Specimen ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Microstructure Morphology ◽  
Binder Aging ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The effects of polymer modification on microstructure, morphology, and failure modes of asphalt binders and their concretes were investigated using various test methodologies that have been newly developed or modified. Results from the good and bad samples (i.e., a new Marshall concrete specimen and an aged road core, flexible pavement that showed signs of stripping, respectively) confirmed the reliability and applicability of the test methods. Two different viscosity-graded asphalt binders, AC-5 and AC-10, with two types of network thermoplastics, styrene-butadiene-styrene and styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers, were studied for void morphology, binder phase morphology, statistical void image analysis, and failure modes as a function of polymer concentration and test temperature. One of the most striking results is that a highly entangled fibrillar network structure has been observed from both straight and polymer-modified asphalt binders after an electron beam etching. It was also observed that the morphology of the network altered with prestraining or binder aging. Void morphology and statistical void analysis were well characterized with the methods developed, but no significant effect of polymer modification was observed. From the fracture studies, however, the polymer modification indicated strong influence on both microdeformation behavior and failure mode of the asphalt concretes.

Field Performance of Modified Asphalt Binders Evaluated with Superpave Test Methods: I-80 Test Project

1999 ◽  
Vol 1661 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Anderson ◽  
Dean Maurer ◽  
Timothy Ramirez ◽  
Donald W. Christensen ◽  
Mihai O. Marasteanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Test Project

Simple Method to Evaluate Strength and Relaxation Properties of Asphalt Binders at Low Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhenyffer Matias De Oliveira ◽  
Tianhao Yan ◽  
Mugurel Turos ◽  
Debaroti Ghosh ◽  
Dave Van Deusen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Direct Tension ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Strength Data ◽  
Relaxation Properties ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Failure Properties

Low temperature cracking represents the main distress in asphalt pavements built in cold regions. During the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) two test methods were developed to investigate the low temperature behavior of asphalt binders: bending beam rheometer (BBR) and direct tension tester (DTT). In this research, a simple testing protocol developed to obtain failure properties of asphalt binders at low temperatures is used to characterize the behavior of five asphalt binders used in the construction of MnROAD test cells in 2016. It is shown that a combination of creep followed by strength testing provides a more complete picture of the low temperature properties of asphalt binders and can improve the selection process. Binders with similar creep and relaxation properties have significantly different failure properties. It is also demonstrated that BBR strength data is obtained under linear viscoelastic conditions for the entire duration of the test and that creep and strength data can be interconverted using linear viscoelasticity.

Challenges Associated with Optimisation of Blending, Mixing and Compaction Temperature for Asphalt Mixture Modified with Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM)

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 1837-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Mohammadi ◽  
Hadi Khabbaz
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Compaction Temperature ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modified Binder ◽  
Very High

The use of modified asphalt binders has become much more common over the past two decades. Many types of modifier have been used in paving asphalts to enhance the performance of asphalt pavements in a wide range of climates and loading conditions. Among various asphalts binder modifiers, the recycled crumb rubber has been used very successfully for many years. Generally in production of CRM binder, mixing and compaction temperature is determined by measuring of binder viscosity. The ordinary method used for viscosity measurement of unmodified binder leads to a very high Mixing and Compaction Temperature (MCT) for CRM binder. The aims of this paper are to identify, develop and give some recommendations on a reliable laboratory approach for blending of CRM with binder, as well as introducing appropriate laboratory test methods for optimisation of MCT of crumb rubber modified binder asphalt.

Evaluation of Stability, Nature of Modifier, and Short-Term Aging of Modified Binders Using New Tests: LAST, PAT, and Modified RTFO

1998 ◽  
Vol 1638 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain U. Bahia ◽  
Huachun Zhai ◽  
Andres Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Typical Data ◽  
Modified Binders ◽  
Modified Binder

In a recent survey of users and producers of modified asphalts, stability and short-term aging were two of the main concerns regarding the use of modified asphalts. In an NCHRP project, a concentrated effort was put into development of revised or new testing procedures to better characterize the nature of modified asphalt and to solve some of the difficulties with using existing aging procedures developed for neat asphalts and modified asphalts. Three main procedures have been proposed to complement the existing Superpave procedures: the laboratory asphalt stability test, for measuring the storage stability of asphalt binders; the particulate additive test, for separation of particulate additives; and the modified rolling thin film oven test for short-term aging. The background behind the development of these test methods is explained, and typical data collected for a number of modified asphalts are presented. The results indicate that these tests show high promise in covering characteristics not covered by the current Superpave binder specifications and in solving some of the problems with the existing aging methods. The results also indicate that the behavior of modified binder can be very complex and that the method of data interpretation is very critical.

scholarly journals Quality Control and Quality Assurance of Asphalt Mixtures Using Laboratory Rutting and Cracking Tests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusang Lee ◽  
John E. Haddock ◽  
Dario D. Batioja Alvarez ◽  
Reyhaneh Rahbar Rastegar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Flexibility Index

The main objectives of this project were to review the available balanced-mix design (BMD) methodologies, understand the I-FIT and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT) test methods using INDOT asphalt mixtures, and to explore the application of these tests to both a BMD approach and as performance-related Quality Control (QC) and Quality Acceptance (QA) methods. Two QA mixture specimen types, plant-mixed laboratory-compacted (PMLC) and plant-mixed field-compacted (PMFC) were used in the determination of cracking and rutting parameters. Distribution functions for the flexibility index (FI) values and rutting parameters were determined for various mixture types. The effects of specimen geometry and air voids contents on the calculated Flexibility Index (FI) and rutting parameters were investigated. The fatigue characteristics of selected asphalt mixtures were determined using the S-VECD test according to different FI levels for different conditions. A typical full-depth pavement section was implemented in FlexPAVE to explore the cracking characteristics of INDOT asphalt mixtures by investigating the relationship between the FI values of QA samples with the FlexPAVE pavement performance predictions. The FI values obtained from PMFC specimens were consistently higher than their corresponding PMLC specimens. This study also found that FI values were affected significantly by variations in specimen thickness and air voids contents, having higher FI values with higher air voids contents and thinner specimens. These observations do not agree with the general material-performance expectations that better cracking resistance is achieved with lower air voids content and thicker layers. Additionally, PG 70-22 mixtures show the lowest mean FI values followed by the PG 76-22 and 64-22 mixtures. The same order was observed from the ΔTc (asphalt binder cracking index) of INDOT’s 2017 and 2018 projects. Finally, it was found that the HWTT showed reasonable sensitivity to the different characteristics (e.g., aggregate sizes, binder types, and air voids contents) of asphalt mixtures. Mixtures containing modified asphalt binders showed better rut resistance and higher Rutting Resistance Index (RRI) than those containing unmodified binders.

Modelling short-term aging of asphalt binders using the rolling thin film oven test

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oven Test

Simulation of short-term aging of asphalt binders is a widely used procedure in asphalt binder characterization for predicting the binder response to plant mixing and paving under controlled laboratory conditions. There are two laboratory test methods for evaluating the short-term aging of asphalt binders: (i) a method using rotating pans filled with a thin asphalt film termed thin film oven test (TFOT) and (ii) a method using rolling cylindrical asphalt containers termed rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT). In this paper, an attempt is made to develop generalized models for short-term aging effects using the RTFOT aging time as a benchmark. Six binder types representing two PG grades and three source suppliers are conditioned to varying levels of RTFOT aging and tested using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Aging effects are modelled using independent temperature shift models for the shear modulus and phase angle. The paper discusses the sources of errors in producing generalized models and some potential applications of aging models. The research revealed that it is possible to develop and implement such models for unmodified binders.Key words: asphalt, aging, RTFOT, DSR, binder rheology, shear modulus, phase angle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document