The Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems for Nature Protection and Food Productivity

2016 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Miguel Clüsener-Godt ◽  
María Rosa Cárdenas Tomažič
Keyword(s):  
Nature Protection ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Food Productivity

Economic models of Environment monitoring under imperfect information and high Costs

2014 ◽  
pp. 99-122
Author(s):  
M. Levin ◽  
K. Matrosova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Effective System

The paper considers monitoring of environmental change as the central element of environmental regulation. Monitoring, as each kind of principalagent relations, easily gives rise to corruptive behavior. In the paper we analyze economic models of environmental monitoring with high costs, incomplete information and corruption. These models should be the elements of environmental economics and are needed to create an effective system of nature protection measures.

Development of entrepreneurship in valuable natural rural areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 753-770
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Slusarza ◽  
Marek Cierpial-Wolan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Synthetic Indicators ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
Endogenous Potential ◽  
Urbanized Region

The values of the natural environment in the subject literature are commonly indicated as an asset conducive to development shaping the competitiveness of areas with such values. The paper attempts to assess the use of endogenous potential of such areas in shaping the multifunctional, sustainable development of rural areas that have such qualities. In particular, the aim was to check to what extent the sme sector, dominating in the economic structure of rural areas, solves the key problem of labour market imbalance and population migration in environmentally valuable areas. The area of detailed research is Podkarpacie, the Polish region considered as a peripheral, border region, the least urbanized region with the highest share of areas covered by various forms of nature protection and forestation, with one of the lowest gdp per capita indicator in the country. For the purpose of implementing the research assumptions, a taxonomic unit (using the complete linkage method) consisting of powiats with the highest concentration of features characteristic for rural areas of high natural values was separated. Synthetic indicators calculated on the basis of the Hellwig taxonomic development pattern method and a positional method using Weber's median were used to assess the diversity of entrepreneurship level. The research confirmed that the non-agricultural economic activity sector is less developed in areas of high natural value. Despite positive developments in the enterprise sector, their potential is too weak an economic base for addressing unsustainable labour market problems, as evidenced by high unemployment and a high negative migration balance. This limits the use of the endogenous potential of these areas and is not conducive to the concept of multifunctional, sustainable development. Migration poses a threat to the depopulation of these areas with all the negative consequences associated with such processes. This is a challenge for the studied areas and regional policy.

Species Density and Lead (Pb) Pollution in Mangrove Ecosystem, South Kalimantan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Anang Kadarsah ◽  
Dafiuddin Salim ◽  
Sadang Husain ◽  
Marta Dinata
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Pb Pollution ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems

Its crucial to get information about lead (Pb) heavy metal pollution from mining and oil palm plantation on species density in mangrove ecosystem, to anticipate its impacts. This study aimed is to compare the types and densities of vegetation in mangrove ecosystems allegedly due to mining in Setarap village, Tanah Bumbu Regency and oil palm plantations in Kuala Tambangan Village, Tanah Laut Regency. We also analysis the condition of waters (TDS, pH and DO) and organic content in sediments to acquire data from the South Kalimantan mangrove ecosystems. The results showed there were four species of true mangroves (Avicennia alba, Acanthus ebracteatus, Nypa fruticans and Rhizophora apiculate) could live well in the environment affected by mining or oil palm plantations. The species density for trees was low (933 ind/ha) for mangroves affected by coal mines, while those affected by oil palm plantations had higher densities (1,067 ind/ha). pH value of waters in affected area by coal mining showed more acidic value (pH 5.76) especially at the back, while those by palm oil plantations are more acidic (pH 6) in the estuary. Organic matter content in sediments affected by coal mines was in the range of 0.61-6.59%, while those affected by oil palm plantations showed higher values (0.12-2.19%). Lead heavy metal content (Pb) in waters affected by coal mines was 0.031-0.056 mg/L, while the area affected by oil palm plantations was of higher value (0.110-0.128 mg/L). Lead (Pb) levels in sediments indicate higher values than waters, which reach 3.512-6.046 mg/Kg (affected by coal mines), and in areas affected by oil palm plantations reaching 6.658-6.66 mg/Kg. The general conclusion is that vegetation densities in areas affected by coal mines are lower than oil palm plantations. The level of lead  (Pb) pollution in the sediments is higher than in the waters.

The steppe-meadows of the order Galietalia veri Mirkin et Naumova 1986 in the South Urals

2003 ◽  
pp. 62-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Yamalov ◽  
A. A. Filinov ◽  
A. I. Solomeshch
Keyword(s):  
South Urals ◽  
The South ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Steppe Meadow

The five new steppe-meadow associations are des­cribed in the South Urals. They refer to the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx. 1937 em. R. Tx. 1970, ord. Galietalia veri Mirkin et Naumova 1986, all. Trifolion montani Naumova 1986, and the suball. Trifolienion montani Mirkin et Naumova 1986. The communities of these associations are typical of their richness in species, including such rare and endangered ones as Dianthus acicularis, Stipa korshinskyi, Stipa sareptana, Stipa zalesski, Stipa pennata, Stipa da­syphylla, Tulipa biebersteiniana etc., the fact which makes for their significant value for nature protection purposes.

‘Nature Has Its Own Soul and Speaks Its Own Language’

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Helena Ruotsala
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Finnish Lapland ◽  
The People ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

Nature and environment are important for the people earning their living from natural sources of livelihood. This article concentrates on the local perspective of the landscape in the Pallastunturi Fells, which are situated in Pallas-Ylläs National Park in Finnish Lapland. The Fells are both important pastures for reindeer and an old tourism area. The Pallastunturi Tourist Hotel is situated inside the national park because the hotel was built before the park was established 1938. Until the 1960s, the relationship between tourism and reindeer herding had been harmonious because the tourism activities did not disturb the reindeer herding, but offered instead ways to earn money by transporting the tourists from the main road to the hotel, which had been previously without any road connections. During recent years, tourism has been developed as the main source of livelihood in Lapland and huge investments have been made in several parts of Lapland. One example of this type of investment is the plan to replace the old Pallas Tourist hotel, which was built in 1948, with a newer and bigger one. It means that the state will allow a private enterprise to build more infrastructures for tourism inside a national park where nature should be protected and this has sparked a heated debate. Those who oppose the project criticise this proposal as the amendment of a law designed to promote the economic interests of one private tourism enterprise. The project's supporters claim that the needs of the tourism industry and nature protection can both be promoted and that it is important to develop a tourist centre which is already situated within the national park. This article is an attempt to try to shed light on why the local people are so loudly resisting the plans by a private tourism enterprise to touch the national park. It is based on my fieldwork among reindeer herding families in the area.

Mehr Mut zur Wildnis (Essay) | A more courageous attitude to wilderness (essay)

2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (8) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Adrian Borgula
Keyword(s):  
Forest Area ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Wilderness Areas ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Total Forest Area

Where nature protection is concerned, the expert assessment of an environment poses questions about its natural and cultural heritage and its potential, about how representative it may be, about biodiversity in all its facets and about its development or potential threats to its existence. Although the forest was the dominant habitat in the original natural European landscape, for a long time nature protection has devoted too little attention to it. There are diverse threats and deficiencies. However, in the Swiss forests positive developments are discernible. Thus nature protection is one of the basic functions of the forest, nature reserves are being created, the area of the forest is increasing, as are reserves of deadwood, and greater importance is being given to regeneration suited to the site. Nevertheless much remains to be done to really achieve the goal of biodiversity and sus-tainability. For this purpose segregative and integrative measures are required. Since diversity needs surface area, in the first place it must be possible to set aside as forest reserves a quarter of the total forest area, spread over the whole country and preferably as natural forest reserves, in order to start the process of a long-term restoration to the natural state. Here the conservation of natural self-regulating processes supersedes classical nature protection. With a series of further integrative measures, biodiversity must also be promoted over the whole remaining forest area and in the areas of transition to other habitats. An abundance of varied structures is the key to diversity of species. A more courageous attitude to wilderness and “untidiness” when dealing with the forest is to be recommended. Nature experiences in wilderness areas give the population the possibility of discovering diversity and natural processes and encourage respect for the innumerable other species and habitats.

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