Spatiotemporal variations of agricultural water footprint and its economic benefits in Xinjiang, northwestern China

Agriculture is the largest water user and is the main driving force behind water stress in Xinjiang, northwestern China. In this study, the water footprint (WF) (blue, green and gray WF) of main crop production and their temporal and spatial characteristics in Xinjiang were estimated in 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. The blue water footprint deficit (BWFd) was conducted and food productivity and economic benefits of WF were also analyzed via the water consumption per output value (food productivity and economic benefits). The results reveal that the WF increased from 22.75 to 44.16 billion m3 during 2006–2018 in Xinjiang, of which cotton, corn and wheat are main contributors of WF. In terms of different regions, corn has the largest WF in north Xinjiang and cotton has the largest WF in south and east Xinjiang. The BWFd broadened from − 11.51 to + 13.26 billion m3 in Xinjiang with the largest increased BWFd in Kashgar (from − 3.35 to 1.40 billion m3) and Aksu (from − 2.92 to 2.23 billion m3) of south Xinjiang and in Shihezi (from − 0.11 to 2.90 billion m3) of north Xinjiang. In addition, the water footprint food productivity does not well correspond with the water footprint economic benefits in prefectures of Xinjiang. It means we should consider the food yields priority and economic benefits priority to formulate a scientific and effective supervisor mode to realize the sustainable management of agricultural water in prefectures of Xinjiang.

Status Daya Dukung Lahan untuk Keberlanjutan Pangan di Kabupaten Klungkung

Land is an essential component for the sustainability of human life. Population growth and urbanization affect the availability of land in an area. Therefore, the land never increases, but the need for land continues to grow every year, converted to housing and other facilities. As an area that continues to develop, Klungkung Regency has decreased the availability of land due to development and investment activities, especially tourism investment and the construction of other supporting facilities for tourism and regional development. Therefore, the availability of land in Klungkung Regency continues to experience pressure, which impacts the ability to provide food. This study aims to determine land requirements, land availability, and land carrying capacity status in Klungkung Regency, which the policy-makers can consider to support food sustainability in Klungkung Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach using primary data from direct observations in the field and secondary data from government and previous research. The results show that the carrying capacity of land in the Klungkung Regency is in deficit based on the projections for 2021 to 2030. In overcoming the land deficit, it is necessary to increase land productivity by using land effectively and technology transfer to increase food productivity. Keywords: carrying capacity, food sustainability, Klungkung Regency land conversion

Temporal Changes of the Reclaimed Land of Villages of Raebareli Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Sodic land is one of the major problems that has become an extensive challenge in today’s scenario, which act as a threat to global food productivity. Detrimental climatic changes are acting as a catalyst in the development of soil salinity, thereby increasing the problem in the upcoming future and ultimately effects the unaffected areas. This paper aims to integrate information from previously published literature about the extent, expansion rate, prevailing situation and current policies for handling soil sodicity as well as evaluating the sustainability of reclaimed sodic land. Since Sodic land reclamation has been done in the Indo-Gangetic region on a great extent in many states namely Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana in India. Although, in some areas, the reversion of reclamation has been reported. Therefore, this study has been done in one of the reclaimed sites of district Raebareli of Uttar Pradesh for sustainability assessment of sodic land using remote sensing, Geographic Information system (GIS) and necessary ground information. It was found that the villages of Singhpur and Tiloi blocks of Raebareli district were greatly affected by sodicity and had shown large extent of sodicity and reversion. Keywords: Raebareli district, Sodic areas, Remote sensing, Reclamation strategies, GPS.

Soil Fertility Transitions in the Context of Industrialization, 1750–2000

Fertile soils are essential for human health and nutrition and formed the foundation of human economies for millennia. Soils deserve close attention from environmental and economic historians and sustainability scientists. Most soil history literature addresses failure: misuse of soil, uncontrolled erosion, and the resulting collapse of past civilizations. More important, however, and of urgent interest for our present and future prosperity, are the mundane ways that historical farm communities sustained soil health, even while cultivating the same land for centuries. This article explains five strategies by which European and North American farmers accessed, recycled, replenished, and sustained soil fertility over 250 years. By evaluating inputs, extractions, transfers, and annual balances of potassium, phosphorus, and, especially, nitrogen, it models historical soil management in a variety of agroecosystems in various geographical settings and through time. This biophysical environmental history, based on socioecological metabolism methods borrowed from sustainability science, reveals ongoing adaptation to shifting social and environmental contexts. As industrialization, global trade, and population accelerated, farmers adjusted their soil fertility strategies to keep up with new pressures and opportunities. Each solution to existing soil fertility constraints created new obstacles and bottlenecks. Through the past quarter millennium, farm sustainability meant constant readjustment to new circumstances. As farmers innovated crop choices and rotations, corralled livestock, adopted new technologies, deployed novel energy sources, and expanded into new lands, they increased food productivity to feed growing world population and supply expanding markets, while maintaining the supply of soil nutrients necessary to fertilize next year’s crop.

Ways to Improve the Organizational and Economic Framework for the Use of Marketing in Agriculture in the Context of Modernization of the Economy

After 20 years of neglect by international patrons, agriculture is now again in the headlines because high food prices are increasing food anxiety and poverty. In the coming years, it will be important to increase food productivity and production in developing countries, expressly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asian countries like Afghanistan with smallholders. This, however, wants finding viable solutions to a number of complex procedural, institutional, and policy issues, including land markets, research on seeds and inputs, agricultural extension, credit, rural organization, connection to markets, rural non-farm employment, trade policy and food price stabilization. This paper reviews what the economic poetry has to say on these topics. It debates in turn the role played by agriculture in the development course and the interactions between agriculture and other economic sectors, the determinants of the Green Revolt and the foundations of agricultural growth, issues of income diversification by farmers, approaches to rural growth, and issues of international trade policy and food security, which have been at the root of the crisis in agricultural commodity instability in recent years.

The Future of Food: Understanding Public Preferences for the Management of Agricultural Resources

The current U.S food system has managed to provide abundant food at a relatively low cost, even as the population increases. However, this unfettered growth is reaching maximum yields as demand for greater food production competes with other uses of agricultural lands. Extant ecological factors such as water scarcity are reducing food productivity, and competition for resources to produce food is becoming more apparent. This research examines public policy preferences of U.S. west coast citizens for the management of agricultural resources through the use of random household surveys. Results suggest overall support among respondents for food policies using regulatory, tax incentive, and voluntary outreach approaches. Multivariate analyses revealed that some social-demography, knowledge, environmental values, political ideology, and environmental efficacy variables were significant predictors of public opposition and support for food policies.

Solar Power Based AC Water Pumping System for Crop Application

This concept is actual benefits of our food productivity or plant productivity thought the water supply by using solar power system. Water is supply to required plant area with sensing soil moisture .water level of plant is less than 70% then water provide through the water valve .so it's important role in this project we have use water supply to the required plant and water conserving technique and water is not waste because it's conserve the water it used multiple area gardens ,industry or agriculture .

Pemanfaatan Kebun Pekarangan untuk Pemenuhan Pangan Keluarga pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of home gardens to fulfill family food during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic has a wide impact on various sectors, including agriculture, which affects food availability and distribution. Strengthening local food productivity at the household or community scale is the key to anticipating food scarcity. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach, data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire, interviews, and field observations. Purposive sampling with inclusion criteria was used to pick respondents, who were households that use their yards for gardening activities and lived in Tobelo District, North Halmahera Regency. The inventory of plants in the yard revealed 37 different types of herbs, shrubs, and trees. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the majority of respondents believed that gardening in their yards helped them fulfill their food needs. The community believes that the consumption of vegetables and other foodstuffs from the garden itself is relatively safer and more economical. Besides, some enthusiastic residents are actively cultivating herbal plants to increase immunity.

Alternative crops for a changing climate in Switzerland

<p>Rising temperatures, shifts in precipitation patterns and longer dry periods provoke a need for better adapted crops in Switzerland to maintain agricultural productivity in the long term. The aim of this work was to identify plants with a high climatic suitability in the future. A simple mechanistic model (ecocrop) was applied to determine suitability for different time periods under RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5. The model considers temperature and precipitation ranges. From a pool of 600 edible plants, 21 plants were identified that would benefit from progressing climate change in terms of average climatic yield potentials. In addition, these plants were found to have a high nutritional quality and could thus be seen as good candidate crops to expand the portfolio of cultivated crops in Switzerland in efforts to adapt to climate change and maintain or even increase food productivity in a future climate. The potentials of selected crops are discussed in terms of cultivation requirements, spatial suitability, and market potentials.</p>

Climate Change, South Asia and Southeast Asian Region

It is well known that the climatic conditions of our earth have changed since its origin. In its early days environmental conditions were not suitable for life. However, with due course of time it has changed and origin of life took place. Scientists have found seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat during the last 650,000 years and also that the last ice age abruptly ended about 7,000 years ago. The phenomenon of climate change has many implications and immense effects on our environment. There are many factors such as emissions of greenhouse gases, deforestation, urbanization and industrialization which impact the climate. Some of the major consequences of climate change include impacts on sea level rise in coastal areas, impacts on forestry, agriculture and food productivity, life and property in coastal areas, marine life, wildlife habitat and natural ecosystem, biodiversity, glaciers, floods and human health. This paper is an attempt to understand the phenomenon of climate change, historical evidences of climate change, identify reasons of global warming and climate change and its consequences in the South Asia and, in its neighbouring regions.