Cytoplasmic Structure

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-169
Author(s):  
Randy Wayne
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Hayashi ◽  
Tomoko Andoh ◽  
Tokio Tani

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lin ◽  
L. Yue ◽  
A.C. Spradling

Oogenesis in Drosophila takes place within germline cysts that support polarized transport through ring canals interconnecting their 15 nurse cells and single oocyte. Developing cystocytes are spanned by a large cytoplasmic structure known as the fusome that has been postulated to help form ring canals and determine the pattern of nurse cell-oocyte interconnections. We identified the adducin-like hts product and alpha-spectrin as molecular components of fusomes, discovered a related structure in germline stem cells and documented regular associations between fusomes and cystocyte centrosomes. hts mutations completely eliminated fusomes, causing abnormal cysts containing a reduced number of cells to form. Our results imply that Drosophila fusomes are required for ovarian cyst formation and suggest that membrane skeletal proteins regulate cystocyte divisions.


1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Parsons ◽  
E. B. Darden ◽  
D. L. Lindsley ◽  
Guthrie T. Pratt

An electron microscope study was made of a series of transplanted MPC-1 plasma-cell tumors carried by BALB/c mice. Large numbers of particles similar in morphology to virus particles were present inside the endoplasmic reticulum of tumor plasma cells. Very few particles were seen outside the cells or in ultracentrifuged preparations of the plasma or ascites fluid. In very early tumors particles were occasionally seen free in the cytoplasm adjacent to finely granular material. In general, the distribution of these particles inside endoplasmic reticulum is similar in early and late tumors. A few transplanted X5563 tumors of C3H mice were also examined. Large numbers of particles were found in the region of the Golgi apparatus in late X5663 tumors. A newly described cytoplasmic structure of plasma cells, here called a "granular body," appears to be associated with the formation of the particles. Particles present in MPC-1 tumors are exclusively of a doughnut form, whereas some of those in the inclusions of the late X5563 tumors show a dense center. Normal plasma cells, produced by inoculation of a modified Freund adjuvant into BALB/c mice. have been compared morphologically with tumor plasma cells of both tumor lines.


Blood ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 916-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. BRAUNSTEINER ◽  
K. FELLINGER ◽  
F. PAKESCH

Abstract In normal and pathologic plasma cells of the bone marrow, a specific filamentous structure of the cytoplasm has been revealed by electron microscopy. The significance of this structure is briefly discussed.


1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. H432-H443
Author(s):  
E. Page ◽  
G. E. Goings ◽  
B. Power ◽  
J. Upshaw-Earley

Serial section electron micrographs of mouse atria stretched in vitro show that myocytes have cell processes which tunnel into adjacent myocytes for 8 microns or more. The tunneling cell processes (TCP) (diam 4–6.2 microns) lack myofibrils and organelles associated with atrial peptide secretion. The glycogen-rich TCP cytoplasmic matrix contains conspicuous tubules and vesicles originating from endoplasmic reticulum and resembling free sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). TCP are surrounded by a plasmalemma derived from their myocyte of origin, the plasmalemma of the tunneled myocyte, and an intervening narrow compartment continuous with the interstitial space. Profiles having the characteristics cytoplasmic structure of TCP are also found both in the interstitial space between myocytes and near the longitudinal terminations where myocyte ends about on the interstitial space. We suggest that TCP tubules and vesicles may proliferate and/or transport in response to stretch, might be free SR, and may respond to stretch-activated changes in ionic composition or potential of the surrounding myocyte and narrow intercellular compartment.


We have briefly described our studies of cytoskeletal and contractile elements in intact cells, in cell extracts, and in mixtures of purified proteins. Changes in the concentration of calcium and of protons have been found to modulate both gelation and contraction in all of these preparations. The distribution of calcium, protons and actin has been studied in intact amoeboid cells. Using these results, we have refined our working model of the relation of cytoskeletal and contractile proteins: the solation-contraction coupling hypothesis. The model is also supported by quantitative analysis of the rates of contraction in a soluble extract of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae allowed to gel in a capillary and stimulated by the addition of calcium ions at one end. A plausible interpretation of the most prominent cytological features of amoeboid locomotion is obtained by application of the principles of our model. In addition, we propose that the solation-contraction coupling hypothesis may be useful in further study of a variety of motile phenomena observed in many types of cells.


1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Alberto Rodrı́guez ◽  
Rosa Marı́a Garcı́a-Pérez ◽  
Leobardo Mendoza ◽  
Tomás Sánchez ◽  
Nancy Guillen ◽  
...  

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