Abstract
The thermal modeling of biological systems is increasingly important in the development of more advanced and more precise techniques such as ultrasound surgery. One of the primary barriers is the complexity of biological materials: the geometrical, structural, and material properties vary in a wide range. In the present paper, we focus on the continuum modeling of heterogeneous materials of biological origin. There are numerous examples in the literature for non-Fourier thermal models. However, as we realized, they are associated with a few common misconceptions. Therefore, we first aim to clarify the basic concepts of non-Fourier thermal models. These concepts are demonstrated by revisiting two experiments from the literature in which the Cattaneo–Vernotte and the dual phase lag models are utilized. Our investigation revealed that these non-Fourier models are based on misinterpretations of the measured data, and the seeming deviation from Fourier’s law originates from the source terms and boundary conditions.
Nonlocal Continuum Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Torsional Vibration of Carbon Nanotubes