Multi object Tracking using Gradient-based Learning Model in Video-Surveillance

On accomplishing an efficacious object tracking, the activity of an object concerned becomes notified in a forthright manner. An accurate form of object tracking task necessitates a robust object tracking procedures irrespective of hardware assistance. On the other hand, the tracking gets affected owing to the existence of varied quality diminishing factors such as occlusion, illumination changes, shadows etc novel background normalization procedure articulated on the basis of a textural pattern is proposed in this paper. Environmental Succession Prediction algorithm for discriminating disparate background environment by background clustering approach. Probability based Gradient Pattern (PGP) approach for recognizing the similarity between patterns obtained so far. Comparison between standardized frame obtained in prior and those processed patterns detects the motion exposed by an object and the object concerned gets identified within a blob.

Optimized photoacoustic gas-microphone cell for semiconductor materials thermal conductivity monitoring

An approach for examination of semiconductor materials thermal conductivity based on the photoacoustical (PA) experimental results has been considered. Attention is drawn to the importance of PA cell design and normalization procedure that must be carried out in order to remove the parasitic signal caused by the PA cell effects as well as a contribution from the electronic components. The proposed technique makes it possible to quickly and reliably diagnose the thermal conductivity of various semiconductors materials for a better understanding of the heat transfer there for various technological applications. To test the methodology, thermal conductivity of monocrystalline silicon with different doping level was considered. The obtained dependence of thermal conductivity on the doping level is in a good agreement with well-known literature data. Thus, the results obtained in this work are important from a practical point of view.

A numerical method of analyzing the composition of colored wastewater from dyeing plant

Studies on the effectiveness of removing colored impurities from wastewater after dyeing process obtained from five dyeing plants located in the Lodz region in Poland were performed as well as a comparative spectrophotometric analysis of wastewater before and after treatment, in the visible range of absorption of 350–750 nm, attributed to dyes from different groups and with different structures of chromophoric systems. It was found that the method of calculating differences in the total areas under the curves of absorption from the range of 280–800 nm cannot determine precisely the effectiveness of color wastewater treatment. The method using a normalization procedure of the relevant spectra and the analysis of their partial differences proposed in this work allows to describe the efficiency of the process more precisely and indicates the class of synthetic dyes used in dyeing processes, giving the opportunity to the selection of appropriate procedures for their removal or disposal. By analysis of II-derivative of absorption bands, amount of colored components in the wastewater and the effects of physicochemical and biological treatment have been identified. This made it possible to determine the class of the colored impurities remaining in the wastewater.

Two New Challenging Resources to Evaluate Natural Language Interfaces to Databases Generated Based on Geobase and Geoquery

Databases and corpora are essential resources to evaluate the performance of Natural Language Interfaces to Databases (NLIDB). The Geobase database and the Geoquery corpus (Geoquery250 and Geoquery880) are among the most commonly used. In this chapter, the authors analyze both resources to offer two elaborate resources: 1) N-Geobase, which is a relational database, and 2) the corpus Geoquery270. The former follows the standard normalization procedure, then N-Geobase has a schema similar to enterprise databases. Geoquery270 consists of 270 queries selected from Geoquery880, preserving the same kind of natural language problems as Geoquery880, but with more challenging issues for an NLIDB than Geoquery250. To evaluate the new resources, they compared the performance of the NLIDB using Geoquery270 and Geoquery250. The results indicated that Geoquery270 was the harder corpus, while Geoquery250 is the easier one. Consequently, this chapter offers a broader range of resources to NLIDB designers.

How can citation impact in bibliometrics be normalized? A new approach combining citing-side normalization and citation percentiles

Since the 1980s, many different methods have been proposed to field-normalize citations. In this study, an approach is introduced that combines two previously introduced methods: citing-side normalization and citation percentiles. The advantage of combining two methods is that their advantages can be integrated in one solution. Based on citing-side normalization, each citation is field weighted and, therefore, contextualized in its field. The most important advantage of citing-side normalization is that it is not necessary to work with a specific field categorization scheme for the normalization procedure. The disadvantages of citing-side normalization—the calculation is complex and the numbers are elusive—can be compensated for by calculating percentiles based on weighted citations that result from citing-side normalization. On the one hand, percentiles are easy to understand: They are the percentage of papers published in the same year with a lower citation impact. On the other hand, weighted citation distributions are skewed distributions with outliers. Percentiles are well suited to assigning the position of a focal paper in such distributions of comparable papers. The new approach of calculating percentiles based on weighted citations is demonstrated in this study on the basis of a citation impact comparison between several countries.

Study of Lotka–Volterra Biological or Chemical Oscillator Problem Using the Normalization Technique: Prediction of Time and Concentrations

The normalization of dimensionless groups that rule the system of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations defined by the Lotka–Volterra biological or chemical oscillator has been derived in this work by applying a normalized nondimensionalization protocol. The normalization procedure, which is quite accurate, does not require complex mathematical steps; however, a deep physical understanding of the problem is required to choose the appropriate references to define the dimensionless variables. From the dimensionless groups derived, the functional dependences of some unknowns of interest are established. Due to the coupled nature of the problem that induces temporal concentration rates of each species that are quite different at each point of the phase diagram, this diagram has been divided into four stretches corresponding to the four quadrants. For each stretch, the limit values (maximum or minimum) of the variables, as well as their duration, are expressed in terms of the dimensionless groups derived before. Finally, to check all the mentioned dependences, a numerical simulation has been carried out.

The RONO (Rank-Order-Normalization) Procedure for Power-Spectrum Analysis of Datasets with Non-Normal Distributions

Standard (Lomb-Scargle, likelihood, etc.) procedures for power-spectrum analysis provide convenient estimates of the significance of any peak in a power spectrum, based—typically—on the assumption that the measurements being analyzed have a normal (i.e., Gaussian) distribution. However, the measurement sequence provided by a real experiment or a real observational program may not meet this requirement. The RONO (rank-order normalization) procedure generates a proxy distribution that retains the rank-order of the original measurements but has a strictly normal distribution. The proxy distribution may then be analyzed by standard power-spectrum analysis. We show by an example that the resulting power spectrum may prove to be quite close to the power spectrum obtained from the original data by a standard procedure, even if the distribution of the original measurements is far from normal. Such a comparison would tend to validate the original analysis.

Integrated Approach to Assessing the Economic Security of Territories

The work presents the implementation of an integrated approach to assessing the level of economic security of territories. The specificity of the approach is to use the concept of “reference territory” during the normalization procedure, under which it is proposed to understand a conditional territorial entity, in respect of which at a particular time there are no external and internal threats to economically secure, sustainable development. A model scheme for calculating the integral indicator of the state of economic security of the territory is presented, the content of its main stages is disclosed. Implemented the testing of the proposed research approach by calculating the integral indicator of economic security of Russia in 2005-2018, it made a projection for the period up to 2023, the conclusion is that strengthening the economic security of the Russian Federation in the analyzed period and also the conclusion about the sensitivity of the economy to external challenges and threats. It is argued that the proposed approach can be used as a basis for monitoring the state of economic security of territorial systems at different levels — countries, regions, municipalities.