Cerebral Vascular Biology in Health and Disease

Stroke ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 3-10.e4
Author(s):  
T. Michael De Silva ◽  
Christopher G. Sobey
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Biology ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

Reactive oxygen species: influence on cerebral vascular tone

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Faraci
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Vascular Biology ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Endothelium Dependent Relaxation ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

Reactive oxygen species have multiple effects on vascular cells. Defining the sources and the impact of the various reactive oxygen species within the vessel wall has emerged as a major area of study in vascular biology. This review will focus on recent findings related to effects of reactive oxygen species on cerebral vascular tone. Effects of superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, and the reactive nitrogen species peroxynitrite are summarized. Although higher concentrations may be important for cerebral vascular biology in disease, relatively low concentrations of reactive oxygen species may function as signaling molecules involved with normal regulation of cerebral vascular tone. The mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species affect vascular tone may be quite complex, and our understanding of these processes is increasing. Additionally, the role of reactive oxygen species as mediators of endothelium-dependent relaxation is addressed. Finally, the consequences of the molecular interactions of superoxide with nitric oxide and arachidonic acid are discussed.

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

The Laryngeal Epithelium in Reflux

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Erickson-Levendoski ◽  
Mahalakshmi Sivasankar
Keyword(s):  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Laryngeal Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The epithelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of laryngeal health. This is evident in that laryngeal disease may result when the integrity of the epithelium is compromised by insults such as laryngopharyngeal reflux. In this article, we will review the structure and function of the laryngeal epithelium and summarize the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the epithelium. Research investigating the ramifications of reflux on the epithelium has improved our understanding of laryngeal disease associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux. It further highlights the need for continued research on the laryngeal epithelium in health and disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document