Biomass Energy-Based Hydrogen Production

2022 ◽  
pp. 249-287
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Dincer ◽  
Haris Ishaq
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Biomass Energy

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMICAL SUBSTATIATION OF PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kovalenko ◽  
Taras Hutsol ◽  
Oleksander Labenko ◽  
Szymon Glowacki ◽  
Dmytro Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Hydrogen production from biomass may become one of the leading areas of bioenergy in Ukraine soon.Currently, the main direction of biomass energy production in Ukraine is the production of thermal energy for distributed heat supply of enterprises and private households by burning biomass of wood and agricultural origin. Nowadays in Ukraine, there is a technology for the production of biohydrogen. We calculated the environmental and economic effects of hydrogen production as a source of energy. We have come up with the following conclusion that if there is a demand for the final product, hydrogen production will be attractive from economic standpoint and will not require a green tariff or other support from the government.The market price of biohydrogen will be $ 4-5 per kg and will be comparable to that which the European Union aims to achieve.We assume that hydrogen may be a cleaner source of energy for end users, especially in the transport sector in the future.One of the main issues of Ukraine's possible participation in Europe's hydrogen energy program as a supplier and producer of renewable hydrogen is the possibility of its technically safe and cost-effective transportation to EU countries.As the main hypothesis considered transportation of hydrogen using the gas transmission system of Ukraine as part of a mixture with natural gas. Calculations show that, of course, obtaining energy from hydrogen, even in mass production, will be more expensive than alternative traditional and non-traditional methods. The development of this technology, in any case, is promising in terms of the development of energy independence and environmental development of states. The effect of scale in mass production of hydrogen energy should also work, which will significantly reduce the cost of this technology.  

Photobiological Hydrogen Production in a Flat Panel Photobioreactor Using Different Nutrient Media

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Berberoglu ◽  
Laurent Pilon ◽  
Jenny Jay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Dry Cell

This study reports a factor 5.5 increase in hydrogen production of Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 using Allen-Arnon medium compared with BG-11 and BG-110 media. The results were obtained with a flat panel photobioreactor made of acrylic and operated in two stages at 30°C. Stage 1 aims at converting carbon dioxide into biomass by photosynthesis while Stage 2 aims at producing hydrogen. During Stage 1, the photobioreactor is irradiated with 65 μmol/m2/s of light and sparged with a mixture of air and carbon dioxide. During Stage 2, irradiance is increased to 150 μmol/m2/s and the photobioreactor is sparged with pure argon. The parameters continuously monitored are (1) the cyanobacteria concentration, (2) the pH, (3) the dissolved oxygen concentration, (4) the nitrate and (5) the ammonia concentrations in the medium, and (6) the hydrogen concentration in the effluent gas. The three media BG-11, BG-110, and Allen-Arnon are tested under otherwise similar conditions. The light to biomass energy conversion efficiency varied between 5.5 and 10.5% and was similar for all media. The cyanobacteria concentrations during Stage 2 were 1.10 and 1.17 kg dry cell/m3 with BG-11 and Allen-Arnon media, respectively, while it could not exceed 0.76 kg dry cell/m3 with medium BG-110. The average specific hydrogen production rates were about 1 and 0.9 L/kg dry cell/h in media BG-11 and BG-110, respectively. In contrast, it was about 5.6 L/kg dry cell/h in Allen-Arnon medium. The maximum light to hydrogen energy conversion efficiencies achieved were 0.26%, 0.16%, and 1.32% for BG-11, BG-110, and Allen-Arnon media, respectively. The larger specific hydrogen production rates, efficiencies, and cyanobacteria concentrations achieved using Allen-Arnon medium are attributed to the presence of vanadium, and higher concentrations of molybdenum, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium in the medium.

Development and efficient energy utilization of biomass energy based system for renewable hydrogen production and storage

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Haris Ishaq ◽  
Ibrahim Dincer
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Entrained Flow Gasifier ◽  
Renewable Hydrogen ◽  
Water Gas

Abstract The increasing environmental limits and carbon emissions taxes are making is substantial to develop the efficient systems offering the effective energy utilization. This study proposed a new biomass gasification assisted configuration for renewable hydrogen production system offering efficient energy utilization. A multi-effect desalination system is employed for water desalination which is converted to the steam and fed to the entrained flow gasifier. The integrated heat recovery steam generator recovers the additional heat from the syngas to generate steam using fresh water from the desalination unit. The produced hydrogen is supplied to the multistage compression unit that stores hydrogen at high pressure. Industrial Aspen Plus software V9 version is employed for the simulation under the RK-SOAVE property method. The production of hydrogen before water gas shift reactor is 129.5 mol/s and after the water gas shift reactor is found to be 171 mol/s. The thermodynamic performance of the biomass energy-assisted system is determined through overall energetic and exergetic efficiencies that are revealed to be 40.86% and 38.63%. Numerous sensitivity studies are performance to explore the performance of the designed system and presented and discussed.

Utilization of electrical charges in the pores of tofu waste for hydrogen production in water

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
I. N. G. Wardana ◽  
N. Willy Satrio
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Sensor ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Partial Charge ◽  
Delocalized Electron ◽  
Water Hydrogen

Tofu is main food in Indonesia and its waste generally pollutes the waters. This study aims to change the waste into energy by utilizing the electric charge in the pores of tofu waste to produce hydrogen in water. The tofu pore is negatively charged and the surface surrounding the pore has a positive charge. The positive and negative electric charges stretch water molecules that have a partial charge. With the addition of a 12V electrical energy during electrolysis, water breaks down into hydrogen. The test was conducted on pre-treated tofu waste suspension using oxalic acid. The hydrogen concentration was measured by a MQ-8 hydrogen sensor. The result shows that the addition of turmeric together with sodium bicarbonate to tofu waste in water, hydrogen production increased more than four times. This is due to the fact that magnetic field generated by delocalized electron in aromatic ring in turmeric energizes all electrons in the pores of tofu waste, in the sodium bicarbonate, and in water that boosts hydrogen production. At the same time the stronger partial charge in natrium bicarbonate shields the hydrogen proton from strong attraction of tofu pores. These two combined effect are very powerful for larger hydrogen production in water by tofu waste.

Renewable Energy on Tribal Lands: A Feasibility Study for a Biomass-to-Energy Plant on the Cocopah Reservation in Arizona

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lauren K. D’Souza ◽  
William L. Ascher ◽  
Tanja Srebotnjak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Plant ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Alternative Investment

Native American reservations are among the most economically disadvantaged regions in the United States; lacking access to economic and educational opportunities that are exacerbated by “energy insecurity” due to insufficient connectivity to the electric grid and power outages. Local renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and biomass offer energy alternatives but their implementation encounters barriers such as lack of financing, infrastructure, and expertise, as well as divergent attitudes among tribal leaders. Biomass, in particular, could be a source of stable base-load power that is abundant and scalable in many rural communities. This case study examines the feasibility of a biomass energy plant on the Cocopah reservation in southwestern Arizona. It considers feedstock availability, cost and energy content, technology options, nameplate capacity, discount and interest rates, construction, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, and alternative investment options. This study finds that at current electricity prices and based on typical costs for fuel, O&M over 30 years, none of the tested scenarios is presently cost-effective on a net present value (NPV) basis when compared with an alternative investment yielding annual returns of 3% or higher. The technology most likely to be economically viable and suitable for remote, rural contexts—a combustion stoker—resulted in a levelized costs of energy (LCOE) ranging from US$0.056 to 0.147/kWh. The most favorable scenario is a combustion stoker with an estimated NPV of US$4,791,243. The NPV of the corresponding alternative investment is US$7,123,380. However, if the tribes were able to secure a zero-interest loan to finance the plant’s installation cost, the project would be on par with the alternative investment. Even if this were the case, the scenario still relies on some of the most optimistic assumptions for the biomass-to-power plant and excludes abatement costs for air emissions. The study thus concludes that at present small-scale, biomass-to-energy projects require a mix of favorable market and local conditions as well as appropriate policy support to make biomass energy projects a cost-competitive source of stable, alternative energy for remote rural tribal communities that can provide greater tribal sovereignty and economic opportunities.

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