Electrochemical biosensors for monitoring of bioorganic and inorganic chemical pollutants in biological and environmental matrices

The adoption of electrochemical principles to realize on-field analytical tools for detecting pollutants represents a great possibility for food safety and environmental applications. With respect to the existing transduction mechanisms, i.e., colorimetric, fluorescence, piezoelectric etc., electrochemical mechanisms offer the tremendous advantage of being easily miniaturized, connected with low cost (commercially available) readers and unaffected by the color/turbidity of real matrices. In particular, their versatility represents a powerful approach for detecting traces of emerging pollutants such as cyanotoxins. The combination of electrochemical platforms with nanomaterials, synthetic receptors and microfabrication makes electroanalysis a strong starting point towards decentralized monitoring of toxins in diverse matrices. This review gives an overview of the electrochemical biosensors that have been developed to detect four common cyanotoxins, namely microcystin-LR, anatoxin-a, saxitoxin and cylindrospermopsin. The manuscript provides the readers a quick guide to understand the main electrochemical platforms that have been realized so far, and the presence of a comprehensive table provides a perspective at a glance.

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A fast, mild and complete destruction of chemical pollutants is a significant criterion in chemical decontamination

Comptes Rendus de l Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s1387-1609(99)80039-5 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

C Lion

Keyword(s):

Chemical Decontamination ◽

Chemical Pollutants ◽

Complete Destruction

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Soil Chemical Pollution and Aggressive Pathologies

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.8.6515 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 2278-2282

Author(s):

Stelian Ioan Morariu ◽

Letitia Doina Duceac ◽

Alina Costina Luca ◽

Florina Popescu ◽

Liliana Pavel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care Professionals ◽

Scientific Progress ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Chemical Pollution ◽

Optimal Parameters ◽

Chemical Pollutants ◽

Wide Range ◽

Health Physician ◽

Solid Liquid

Maintaining the soil in optimal parameters is vital for mankind, given its essential role in providing the alimentary base, as well as its extremely slow formation and regeneration (hundreds or thousands of years). The direct and indirect pollution of the soil and especially its chemical pollution represent a corollary of other types of pollution, given that it is produced by solid, liquid and gaseous residues. It may be involved in a wide range of diseases (respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, renal, haematological, osteoarticular, neurological) of allergic, infectious, degenerative or neoplastic nature, from infancy to the old age. Although there are natural causes of soil pollution (e.g. volcanic eruptions), most pollutants come from human activities, which are the most incriminated in its pollution, degradation and erosion at an accelerated pace. The growing concern of all nations for the adoption of measures to limit the chemical pollution of the soil is partially found so far in viable and effective solutions intended to combat soil contamination and degradation and ensure its restoration. Chemical industrialization leads to technical and scientific progress, but at the same time it can develop related pathologies, which means that the role of the occupational health physician is essential in ensuring prophylaxis and the early detection of occupational diseases. Besides that, the role of the pediatrician is equally precious for the detection of specific diseases caused by chemical pollutants to children, because they will develop into adults with pathological stigma.The chemical pollution of the soil is a major challenge for ecologists, given that it is an important risk factor for many types of afflictions. It requires maximum attention from civil society, health care professionals and government institutions. The specialist in occupational medicine, as well as the pediatrician bear an essential responsibility in both, prevention and treatment.

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Superposition of Potential Chemical Polluants and Radioisotopes and Their Influence Upon the Environment and Living Organisms

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.9.5853 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (9) ◽

pp. 2189-2195

Author(s):

Valeriu V. Jinescu ◽

Simona Eugenia Manea ◽

George Jinescu ◽

Vali Ifigenia Nicolof

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Critical Energy ◽

Radioactive Isotopes ◽

Nuclear Facility ◽

Chemical Pollutants ◽

Living Organisms

Following the activities developed in a nuclear facility result gaseous and liquid radioactive effluents and radioactive solid waste. All these waste contain radioactive isotopes which are potentially pollutants for the environment. In the same time chemicals are, also, pollutants. According to the legislation, discharging of chemicals and radioactive liquid and gaseous effluents into the environment, should meet the requirements of the unrestricted discharge. However, what happens when several pollutants superpose: only chemical pollutants, or only radioactive pollutants, or chemical and radioactive pollutants? Such problems have been solved in this paper on the basis of the principle of critical energy.

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