The Role of Nutrition in the Modulation of Sex Steroids

2004 ◽  
pp. 759-769
Author(s):  
ALISON M. DUNCAN ◽  
WILLIAM R. PHIPPS ◽  
MINDY S. KURZER
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids

scholarly journals P080 The role of exogenous sex steroids on the vaginal microbiota: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Ratten ◽  
E Plummer ◽  
C Bradshaw ◽  
C Fairley ◽  
S Garland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota

The potential role of stress and sex steroids in heritable effects of sevoflurane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly E Martynyuk ◽  
Ling-Sha Ju ◽  
Timothy E Morey
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Heritable Effects

Abstract Most surgical procedures require general anesthesia, which is a reversible deep sedation state lacking all perception. The induction of this state is possible because of complex molecular and neuronal network actions of general anesthetics (GAs) and other pharmacological agents. Laboratory and clinical studies indicate that the effects of GAs may not be completely reversible upon anesthesia withdrawal. The long-term neurocognitive effects of GAs, especially when administered at the extremes of ages, are an increasingly recognized health concern and the subject of extensive laboratory and clinical research. Initial studies in rodents suggest that the adverse effects of GAs, whose actions involve enhancement of GABA type A receptor activity (GABAergic GAs), can also extend to future unexposed offspring. Importantly, experimental findings show that GABAergic GAs may induce heritable effects when administered from the early postnatal period to at least young adulthood, covering nearly all age groups that may have children after exposure to anesthesia. More studies are needed to understand when and how the clinical use of GAs in a large and growing population of patients can result in lower resilience to diseases in the even larger population of their unexposed offspring. This minireview is focused on the authors’ published results and data in the literature supporting the notion that GABAergic GAs, in particular sevoflurane, may upregulate systemic levels of stress and sex steroids and alter expressions of genes that are essential for the functioning of these steroid systems. The authors hypothesize that stress and sex steroids are involved in the mediation of sex-specific heritable effects of sevoflurane.

scholarly journals The role of inflammation and potential use of sex steroids in intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Pradilla ◽  
JackW Barrow ◽  
Nefize Turan ◽  
Pasang Wangmo ◽  
AnilK Roy
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Potential Use

Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on vascular resistance in rats: role of sex steroids

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (6) ◽  
pp. H2063-H2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Grewal ◽  
Janis Cuevas ◽  
Gautam Chaudhuri ◽  
Lauren Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene

It has been demonstrated in reflex-intact animals that the sensitivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is increased during pregnancy and that this action is mediated by sex steroids but not by nitric oxide (NO). We assessed the effects of CGRP in the following groups of anesthetized ganglion-blocked rats: 1) pregnant, 2) ovariectomized, and 3) ovariectomized and treated with estradiol and progesterone. Changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed after the administration of varying doses of CGRP. Decreases in MAP after CGRP administration were significantly greater in pregnant rats and ovariectomized rats administered sex steroids than in ovariectomized controls. The CGRP antagonist CGRP8–37 produced a pressor response of similar magnitude in both pregnant and ovariectomized rats. We also assessed the effects of CGRP and the modulating role of NO in the isolated uterine vascular bed preparation. CGRP reduced perfusion pressure to a greater degree in ovariectomized animals treated with sex steroids than in ovariectomized animals. This response was attenuated by pretreatment with an NO synthesis inhibitor. CGRP8–37 produced a similar increase in perfusion pressure in both groups. We conclude that 1) the increased vascular sensitivity observed during pregnancy or after treatment with sex steroids is in part mediated by NO, and 2) CGRP8–37 has a vasoconstrictor action of its own.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Endogenous sex steroids and cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease in the postmenopausal period

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Pappa ◽  
Maria Alevizaki
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Carotid Artery Disease ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Postmenopausal Period ◽  
Endogenous Estrogen

ObjectiveCardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases are two leading causes of death and long-term disability in postmenopausal women. The acute fall of estrogen in menopause is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The relative contribution of androgen to this risk is also being recognized. The use of more sensitive assays for estradiol measurement and the study of receptor and carrier protein gene polymorphisms have provided some new information on the clinical relevance of endogenous sex steroids. We provide an update on the role of endogenous sex steroids on cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease in the postmenopausal period.Design and methodsWe performed a PubMed search using the terms ‘endogenous estrogen’, ‘androgen’, ‘cardiovascular disease’, ‘cerebro-vascular disease’, ‘stroke’, ‘carotid artery disease’, and ‘subclinical atherosclerosis’.ResultsThe majority of studies show a beneficial effect of endogenous estrogen on the vasculature; however, there are a few studies reporting the contrary. A significant body of literature has reported associations of endogenous estrogen and androgen with early markers of atherosclerosis and metabolic parameters. Data on the relevance of endogenous sex steroids in heart disease and stroke are inconclusive.ConclusionsMost studies support a beneficial role of endogenous estrogens and, probably, an adverse effect of androgens in the vasculature in postmenopausal women. However, the described associations may not always be considered as causal. It is possible that circulating estrogen might represent a marker of general health status or alternatively reflect the sum of endogenous androgens aromatized in the periphery. Elucidating the role of sex steroids in cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease remains an interesting field of future research.

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