Assessment of gas-phase concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants at the material surface using a midget emission cell coupled to solid-phase microextraction

FactSage6.1 was used to study the phase transformation at high temperature when biomass combustion in a fluidized bed reactor. The results show that eutectic was formed during the reaction process, the eutectics are formed mainly by the reaction between the silica in bed particles and the alkali species in biomass ash. The solid phase transformed to melt layer on the surface of sands particle mainly contains potassium, some calcium and magnesium, and also a few phosphorus and chlorine are found in the melt layer. The result utilizing FactSage equilibrium modeling shown that the distribution ratio of potassium in the gas phase increased with the increase of temperature, moreover, the melt of bed material surface increased when defluidized occurred.

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Organic Aluminum Hypophosphite/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrids as Halogen-Free Flame Retardants for Polyamide 6

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12102323 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2323

Author(s):

Chengxin Guo ◽

Yongshuai Zhao ◽

Guichen Ji ◽

Chaosheng Wang ◽

Zhihan Peng

Keyword(s):

Gas Phase ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Carbon Nitride ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Polyamide 6 ◽

Graphitic Carbon ◽

Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽

Aluminum Hypophosphite ◽

Fire Properties ◽

Halogen Free

The novel organic aluminum hypophosphite (ALCPA) and its hybrid (CNALCPA) with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were successfully synthesized and applied as halogen-free flame retardants in polyamide 6 (PA6). Their structures, morphology, thermal stability, and fire properties were characterized. Results showed that both ALCPA and CNALCPA had good flame retardancy. PA6/CNALCPA composites achieved a high limited-oxygen-index (LOI) value of 38.3% and a V-0 rating for UL94 at 20 wt % loading, while PA6/ALCPA composites could reach a V-1 rating for UL94. The flame-retardant mechanism was also studied. On the one hand, the incorporation of g-C3N4 produced more gas-phase products, which indicated a gas-phase mechanism. On the other hand, g-C3N4 could catalyze the thermal degradation of ALCPA and PA6 to form a compact char layer that was evidence for a solid-phase mechanism. The tensile test of the PA6 composites also displayed good mechanical properties.

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Headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of brominated flame retardants in environmental solid samples

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s00216-006-0440-3 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 385 (3) ◽

pp. 637-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Carmen Salgado-Petinal ◽

Maria Garcia-Chao ◽

Maria Llompart ◽

Carmen Garcia-Jares ◽

Rafael Cela

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Solid Samples ◽

Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Volatile Terpenes and Terpenoids from Workers and Queens of Monomorium chinense (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23112838 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 2838 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rui Zhao ◽

Lihua Lu ◽

Qingxing Shi ◽

Jian Chen ◽

Yurong He

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

De Novo ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Mandibular Glands ◽

Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Unknown Structure ◽

Volatile Terpenes

Twenty-one volatile terpenes and terpenoids were found in Monomorium chinense Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a native Chinese ant, by using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas-phase chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which makes this ant one of the most prolific terpene producers in insect. A sesquiterpene with unknown structure (terpene 1) was the main terpene in workers and neocembrene in queens. Terpenes and terpenoids were detected in poison, Dufour’s and mandibular glands of both workers and queens. Worker ants raised on a terpene-free diet showed the same terpene profile as ants collected in the field, indicating that de novo terpene and terpenoid synthesis occurs in M. chinense.

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