Effects of irrigation regime on canopy water use and dry matter production of ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines in the semi-arid climate of Southern Oregon, USA

Variation in water-use efficiency (W, g of total dry matter produced/kg water used), and its correlation with cultivar isotope discrimination in leaves (Δ) was assessed in peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Plants were grown in separate minilysimeters that were both embedded in the ground and positioned above the crop. Differences among cultivars were found in W and � and the relationship between W and Δ was compared for plants grown in open and closed canopies. Genetic variability in W in plants grown in the field under non-limiting water conditions was demonstrated, with Tifton-8, of Virginia habit, having the highest W (3.71 g/kg) and Rangkasbitung, an Indonesian cultivar of Spanish habit, the lowest (2.46 g/ kg). Variability in W was due to variation in total dry matter production more than that of water use. A strong negative correlation was found between Δ and W, and also between Δ and total dry matter. The relationship between whole plant W, including roots, and Δ was stronger than that between shoot W, without roots and Δ. The improvement occurred because of variation among cultivars in the root to shoot ratio. This highlights the importance of taking account of root dry matter in studies concerning W. There were significant differences in W and Δ between plants in pots above-ground compared to pots in the ground, with above-ground plants having significantly lower values of both W and Δ. The ranking of W and Δ among cultivars was not affected by the contrast in environment, which suggests these parameters are under strong genetic control. Total above-ground dry matter yield at maturity was negatively correlated with Δ, while pod yield was not. It appears a negative association between harvest index and Δ may exist; however not all cultivars used in this and other studies follow this response. Both water-use efficiency, Wand total dry matter production are negatively correlated with Δ in leaves of peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Measurement of Δ may prove a useful trait for selecting cultivars with improved W and total dry matter yield under field conditions.

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Pasture mixes with lucerne (Medicago sativa) increase yields and water-use efficiencies over traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp14179 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. R. McCaskill ◽

M. C. Raeside ◽

S. G. Clark ◽

C. MacDonald ◽

B. Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Water Use ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Subterranean Clover ◽

Trifolium Subterraneum ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Weed Invasion ◽

Matter Production ◽

Water Use Efficiencies

Pastures sown to lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) with a perennial non-legume could increase feed supply relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Such mixtures might also be preferable to pure lucerne pastures, which are prone to weed invasion. Yield and water-use efficiency (harvested dry matter per unit evapotranspiration) of mixtures with lucerne or subterranean clover were compared a field experiment established under rainfed conditions at Hamilton, Victoria. Soil moisture and dry matter production were measured over 2 years. Treatments included chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) with either lucerne or subterranean clover; pure lucerne; and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with only subterranean clover. In the second year, dry matter production from lucerne mixtures exceeded that of equivalent mixtures with subterranean clover in spring, summer and winter. In spring, the lucerne component continued producing for longer than the clover component through its use of deeper stored soil water, and in summer, lucerne continued to grow slowly after the grass component had entered a drought-induced dormancy. In winter, the contribution from the lucerne component complemented, rather than competed with, that from the non-legume component. Water-use efficiencies during winter–spring ranged from 4 kg ha–1 mm–1 for chicory–clover to 27 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture, and during summer–autumn from nil for cocksfoot–clover to 13 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture. This study demonstrates that lucerne-based mixtures can increase forage supply per unit water use relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover.

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Effect of irrigation amounts applied with subsurface drip irrigation on corn evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency, and dry matter production in a semiarid climate

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2008.02.015 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 95 (8) ◽

pp. 895-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

José O. Payero ◽

David D. Tarkalson ◽

Suat Irmak ◽

Don Davison ◽

James L. Petersen

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Semiarid Climate ◽

Matter Production ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Subsurface Drip

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Contributions of Capacity for Soil Water Extraction and Water Use Efficiency to Maintenance of Dry matter Production in Rice subjected to Drought.

Japanese Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.1626/jcs.65.652 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 652-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Tohru KOBATA ◽

Tomomi OKUNO ◽

Takanobu YAMAMOTO

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Use ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Matter Production ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Soil Water Extraction

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AGRONOMIC TRAITS EVALUATION IN IRRIGATED SORGHUM IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms2020v19e1179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

AMADEU REGITANO NETO ◽

RAFAEL DANTAS DOS SANTOS

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Matter Production ◽

Green Matter ◽

Sorghum Genotypes ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Semi Arid

Green and dry matter production, along with grain yield and otheragronomic traits, were assessed in 44 sorghum genotypes. Two sets of genotypes were formed based on known plant height, aiming to evaluate green and dry matter production and grain yield, as well as to separate forage and grain sorghum genotypes. The evaluations were performed based on experiments with three replications, being one irrigated (drip system) in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, and the other rainfed, in Nossa Senhora da Glória, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Sowing dates were July 30, 2016, in Nossa Senhora da Glória; July 13, 2017, and October 24, 2018, in Petrolina; with 117 and 128 days from sowing to harvest, respectively. Expressive forage production was observed in genotypes EP-17 and SF-11, which exceeded 120 t ha-1. BRS 506 produced 108 t ha-1, while 13F03(1141572), P-294, P-288, 2502 x 467, BRS Ponta Negra, and SF-15 presented green matter production ranging from 94 to 98.5 t ha-1. Dry matter production was highly correlated with green matter production, and SF-11 had the best performance of 45.5 t ha-1. The observed plant height was more expressive for forage sorghum genotypes, being this trait highly correlated with the green and dry matter. The best grain yield performance reached 13.4 and 10.3 t ha-1, values observed for 9910032 and BRS Ponta Negra, respectively. The results demonstrate the full adaptability of sorghum to the semi-arid environment and the feasibility to produce roughage and grains under irrigation in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

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Comparison of the responses of two Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes to post-flowering soil water deficit with the response of canola (B. napus L.) cv. Monty

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp08191 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 251 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. P. Gunasekera ◽

R. J. French ◽

L. D. Martin ◽

K. H. M. Siddique

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Use ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Matter Production ◽

Oil Concentration ◽

Total Oil

The responses to water stress during the post-flowering period of two mustard breeding lines (887.1.6.1 and Muscon) and a commercial canola cv. Monty were tested in the field at Merredin in the low-rainfall Mediterranean-type environment of Western Australia. Three water-stress treatments were imposed using supplemental irrigation and a rain-exclusion shelter. Increasing water stress in the post-flowering period significantly reduced dry matter production and seed yields. Harvest index was slightly increased by mild stress, but reduced back to control levels by severe stress. Pods/plant, seeds/pod, and 1000-seed weight were all reduced by water stress. Dry matter production was higher in mustard than in canola, due to its greater water use and radiation interception. Water-use efficiency (WUE) for dry matter production and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) were higher in mustard than in canola. WUE for dry matter production and RUE were insensitive to the levels of water stress in mustard in this experiment, but declined significantly in canola. The greater water use in mustard and insensitivity of WUE for dry matter production and RUE to water stress were attributed to significantly higher levels of osmotic adjustment in mustard, although osmotic adjustment was also observed in canola. Despite this, canola seed yield was not significantly lower than the seed yield of the better mustard genotype, although stress caused a significantly greater percentage yield reduction in canola. This is because canola had a higher harvest index, which also meant it had higher WUE than mustard for grain production under mild stress. Mustard’s poorer harvest index was due to more of the dry matter being invested in stem and, in the case of cv. Muscon, to a short reproductive duration and a low proportion of pod weight allocated to seed. Canola had significantly higher seed oil concentration than mustard, which meant that it produced higher total oil yield despite sometimes producing lower seed yield. However, its oil concentration was reduced more by stress than mustard’s, so under the most severe stress conditions, both mustard genotypes produced higher total oil yield. Mustard has potential as an oil-producing crop in the low-rainfall Mediterranean-type environments of Western Australia, but improved genotypes, greater harvest index, and greater seed yield are required.

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