Assessment of fodder corn grown under surface and subsurface drip irrigation in Mendoza, Argentina

Drip irrigation –surface (DI) and subsurface (SDI)– is one of the best irrigation systems to increase both irrigation and water use efficiency. The objective of this research is to assess and compare the response of fodder corn to SDI treatments at two depths with DI in Mendoza. A full factorial experimental design was used on random plots and measurements were replicated through time. Tests were run in two consecutive cycles. Germination percentage (GP), yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and water productivity (WP) were assessed. High yields ranging from 70,214 to 105,771 kg ha-1 of green matter and from 10,020 to 22,476 kg ha-1 of dry matter (DM) were obtained in both cycles, respectively. DM production from the first sowing was significantly higher in both cycles under SDI treatment than under DI. No significant differences in WP or WUE were found. GP and soil moisture (SM) did not show differences between treatments, but significant differences were found in SM (p=<0.0001) between the first soil layer and the other two layers. Highlights Germination percentage was not affected by the depth of the drip irrigation lines. No significant differences were found in green matter yields between treatments in both crop cycles. High crop water use was achieved. WUE values were 12 percent (and up to 41 percent) higher.

Evaluating reed canary grass samples for reclamation of coal dumps

One reliable way to restore eroded soils and technogenic land is to reclaim it by sowing perennial grasses. Samples of reed canary grass suitable for reclamation of coal dumps in the Kemerovo region have been studied and identified. Experimental work was carried out in the Tomsk region (5811 N, 8300 E) during the period of 2017-2020. The research subjects are represented by samples of reed canary grass taken in 2016. A nursery of study samples suitable for reclamation of coal dumps was laid in 2017 with six numbers - KM-1, KM-2, KM-3, KM-4, KM-5 (Tomsk region), the variety Vityaz (Tomsk region) was used as a standard. The soils of the experimental plots were sod-podzolic acidic loamy sandy loam and loamy with a humus content of no more than 2% in the arable horizon. When evaluating the samples, the main attention is paid to studying the traits and properties that limit their cultivation under taiga conditions: grass density, plant height, foliage, winter hardiness, lodging resistance, seed productivity, green mass yield, resistance to the most common diseases. Over a 3-year study of selections of reed canary grass based on a set of the main economically important traits, the KM-5 sample has been identified. This specimen has a complex of valuable features in creating an adaptive variety suitable for reclamation of coal dumps (foliage - 61.4%, green matter yield - 38.5 t/ha, dry matter - 11.9, seeds - 0.21 t/ha). The selected number has annual reliable additions to the standard in terms of green matter yield of 8.5 t/ha, dry matter yield of 3.3, and seed yield of 0.04 t/ha. Samples KM-1, KM-5 showed high resistance to these diseases: helminthosporiosis - 6.0-6.1%, septoriosis - 2.6-4.2%.

Agronomic performance of maize hybrids for forage production in the 2019/2020 harvest

Maize has great economic prominence in national and international agribusiness, being used for various purposes such as grain use and in the form of bulky (silage). This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of twelve maize hybrids for silage production in Inconfidentes-MG. Twelve hybrids were used: 20A78PW, 2B512PW, 2B533PW, 2B688PW, 30F53LEPTERA, AG8740-PRO3, DKB345-PRO3, DKB363-PRO3, LG3055-PRO3, LG6036-PRO3, MAXIMUS-VIP3, and MG652PW. The treatments were implanted in a randomized block design (CBD) containing three repetitions. The experimental plots consisted of four lines of five meters in length and 0.8 m spacing between rows, with the two central lines as useful areas. The parameters evaluated were green matter productivity, dry matter productivity, plant height, ear height, average stalk thickness, cutting window, flowering, and cycle. The hybrids 20A78PW; 2B533PW; DKB345-PRO3, and DKB363-PRO3 presented the highest cut-off window values in relation to the others. LG3055-PRO3 hybrid presented the smallest cut-off window. The hybrids 30F53LEPTERA, AG8740, DKB345-PRO3, LG6036-PRO3, and MG652PW presented the highest plant height values. No statistical difference was observed between the hybrids for the variables: green matter productivity, ear height, and stalk thickness. Hybrids AG8740, DKB345-PRO3, LG6036-PRO3, and MG652PW obtained the highest dry matter productivity values. Hybrids 20A78PW, 2B533PW, DKB345-PRO3, and DKB363-PRO3 presented the lowest male and female flowering time. Hybrid DKB345-PRO3 stood out, showing great potential to be recommended and cultivated by silage producers.

The Search For Source Material Of Phacelia Tanacetifolia Benth For Breeding For Fodder Productivity

The genetic resources of wild populations of the valuable forage crop Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. in different ecological conditions of the southern Srednerusskaya Upland were studied. Selected source material for breeding for fodder productivity.In the Vorskla natural-territorial complex the individuals which on the average 6.9-27.7% exceeded the individuals in other cenopopulations by height and bush size. The forms with high potential fodder qualities are distinguished: low hairiness of leaves and stems, dry matter content - 20.9-21.6%, protein - 19.4-20.4%, crude fat - 2.1-2.3%, soluble carbohydrates - 34.6-36.5%, green matter yield - 2,32-2,44 kg*(m2)-1, seeds - 0,032-0,038 kg*(m2)-1. The seeds of the best forms were collected and transferred to the collections of Federal Williams Reserch Center for Forage Production and Agroecology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Belgorod State University for breeding of new disease resistant forage varieties.

Production of papaya seedlings and initial growth produced in different polyethylene recipients

The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative and productive performance of papaya seedlings in response to different volumes of containers. The experiment was conducted in a seedling production nursery at the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Campus de Nova Mutum - MT, using a completely randomized design with five replications, in which four sizes of polyethylene bags were tested in the production of seedlings: 10 x 16 cm, 15 x 21 cm, 17 x 27 cm and 20 x 21 The plots were composed of 3 plants. The parameters evaluated at 70 days after sowing were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, green matter mass and percentage of dry weight of the stem, leaves and roots. The container 17 x 27 cm stood out from the other containers, except for the characteristics of the length of the stem, percentage of dry mass of the stem and leaves where it was equivalent to the container 20 x 21 cm and the percentage of dry mass where all containers were equivalent. The experiment showed that the 17 x 27 cm container is the most recommended for the cultivation of papaya seedlings cultivar Sunrise Solo.

Estudio comparativo de la densidad de siembra y su efecto sobre la producción de forraje y calidad nutricional de pastos perennes asociados, en condiciones alto andinas del Perú

The study was carried out in the central highlands of Peru at 3,900 meters above sea level, in the Casaracra experimental center of the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University, where the objective was to determine and analyze the forage yield and nutritional quality of the associated grasses in different density is sowing. In forage production, the values of green matter and dry matter and the percentage of dry matter were determined; in nutritional quality, the nutritional variables% PT, %NDF, %FDA, % Ca and% P were analyzed. a completely randomized design was used. The results for forage yield for treatment 1 in MV was 3.54 kg / m2 and DM 0.68 kg / m2, in treatment 2 in MV it was 2.61 kg / m2 and DM 0.72 kg / m2, for treatment 3 in MV it was 3.07 kg / m2 and DM 0.98 kg / m2 and finally in treatment 4 the MV was 2.48 kg / m2 and DM 0.93 kg / m2. The nutritional quality for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 in% PT (15.56, 15.21, 6.81 and 5.37), % FDN (48.85, 43.82, 43.34 and 41.89), % FDA (28.82, 26.31, 27.27 and 24.43), % Ca (0.86, 0.80, 0.33 and 0.17), %P (0.25, 0.24, 0.18 and 0.07) respectively. Where it is concluded that treatment 4 showed acceptable fiber content in sheep feeding.

The results of using mineral fertilizers of new generation in the vineyards of Crimea in stress weather conditions

В стрессовых погодных условиях применение минеральных удобрений при внекорневых подкормках оказывает существенное влияние на рост и развитие виноградных растений, способствует повышению урожайности и улучшению качества продукции (содержание сахаров, титруемых кислот, фенольных веществ, витаминов, сохранности продукции и т.д.). В статье приводятся результаты исследований по изучению влияния органического удобрения природного происхождения Изабион на продуктивность и качество урожая винограда технических сортов Алиготе, Бастардо магарачский и Шардоне в почвенно-климатических условиях Юго-западной виноградарской зоны Крыма. В ходе проведения исследований установлено, что применение изучаемого удобрения способствует повышению средней массы грозди на 15,8-40 г, урожая с куста - на 0,8-1,4 кг и урожайности винограда - на 1,8-2,9 т/га в сравнении с контролями. Экспериментально определено, что опытные обработки привели к существенному увеличению средней длины побегов в среднем на 7,7 % и прироста вегетативной массы на 11,8 %. На фоне применения исследуемых систем питания отмечено увеличение концентрации сахаров в соке ягод на 11-18 г/дм(5,7-12,1 %). При расчете экономической эффективности технологии выращивания технического сорта винограда Алиготе установлено, что двукратная внекорневая подкормка минеральным удобрением Изабион снижает фактическую себестоимость произведенной продукции в среднем на 19,7 % и повышает рентабельность производства на 39,5 %. Using of mineral fertilizers in foliar dressing in stress weather conditions significantly effects growth and development of grape plants, promotes an increase in cropping capacity and product quality (content of sugars, titratable acids, phenolic substances, vitamins, product safe-keeping, etc.). The article presents the results of studies on the effect of natural organic fertilizer Isabion on the productivity and quality of grape yield of wine varieties ‘Aligote’, ‘Bastardo Magarachskiy’ and ‘Chardonnay’ in the soil and climatic conditions of the South-West viticultural zone of Crimea. In the course of the research it was found that using of the studied fertilizer contributed to an increase in the average bunch weight by 15.8-40 g, the yield per bush - by 0.8-1.4 kg, and the cropping capacity of grapes - by 1.8-2.9 t/ha in comparison with controls. It was experimentally determined that test applications have led to a significant increase in the average shoot length by 7.7% and in the green matter by 11.8%. Against the background of using the studied food systems, an increase in the concentration of sugars in the juice of berries by 11-18 g/dm (5.7-12.1%) was registered. When calculating the economic efficiency of wine grape variety ‘Aligote’ growing practice it was found that double foliar dressing with Isabion mineral fertilizer reduced actual cost of production by an average of 19.7% and increased profitability of production by 39.5%.

Effect of national chelated micronutrient fertilizers on the productivity of grape plants and quality indicators of wine

The article presents the results of studies, carried out in 2018-2020 in soil and climatic conditions of viticultural zone of the South Coast of Crimea on wine grape variety ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’. It was established that double application of national chelated micronutrient fertilizers Tiaton and Chelaton Extra for foliar dressing of grapes contributed to an increase in the average bunch weight by 9.3-15.3 g (10.3-16.9%), shoot productivity by 10.4-17.1% and cropping power by 0.6-1 t/ha (10-16.7%) in comparison with the control. It was experimentally determined that test treatments with Chelaton Extra preparation led to a significant increase in the average length of annual shoots by 13.3 cm (9.3%) and a gain in the green matter of bushes by 265.9 cm3 (12%). Using of the studied micronutrient fertilizers against the background of increased grape productivity positively influenced the process of sugar accumulation and ensured the value component at the control level. The studies have proven that double treatment with Chelaton Extra fertilizer contributed to an increase in the mass concentration of phenolic substances in wine by 10.7%.

Productivity and quality of grapevine yield when using micronutrient fertilizers of new generation in the conditions of Crimea

The article presents the results of studies of 2019-2020, carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of Crimean Mountain-valley viticultural zone on table grape variety ‘Italia’. It was experimentally determined that five-fold foliar treatment of grape plantations with gel fertilizers has led to a significant increase in the average length of annual shoots by 15 cm (9.2%) and an increase in the green matter of bushes by 165.1 cm3 (9.1%). It was found that using of preparations of experimental system of mineral nutrition manufactured by Agrinos and Lima-Europe companies during two growing seasons of grape plants has led to an increase in the average bunch weight by 42.9 g (7.4%), shoot productivity by 8.1% and an increase in the cropping capacity by 1.8 t/ha (10.2%) in comparison with the control. Using of the studied mineral gel fertilizers against the background of increasing grape productivity did not affect the process of sugar accumulation and the level of titratable acids. The studies showed that two-year fertilizer utilization of the studied system of mineral nutrition contributed to a significant increase in organoleptic characteristics of table grapes.