Deep tillage and residue mulch effects on productivity and water and nitrogen economy of spring maize in north-west India

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 724-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajbir Kaur ◽  
VK Arora
Keyword(s):  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Nitrogen Economy ◽  
North West ◽  
Spring Maize

Study on Energy Exchange of Dry-Land Spring Maize Field in Loess Plateau

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3771-3779
Author(s):  
Jia Xuan Guo ◽  
Xu Rong Mei ◽  
Yu Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Heat Consumption ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
North West ◽  
Spring Maize

Dry-land spring maize is a main cultivated crop in North-West China. To explore the mechanism for changes of evapotranspiration and heat consumption in dry-land spring maize, eddy covariance technique was used to monitor the energy-exchange characteristics of the crop in Eastern Loess Plateau field. The results showed that the field-energy-balance ratio of dry-land spring maize is in the 0.75 - 1.0 range during non-rainfall daily noon (12:00 - 14:00). The Bowen ratio exhibited "L-type" trend during the total growth stages, namely, the highest Bowen ratio was at seedling stage with phase average 4.85 ± 1.42. The evaporation fraction showed a single peak trend in August, and the higher evaporation ratio met with more precipitation with average values 0.55 ± 0.06. The Bowen ratio and average evaporation fraction at the entire growth period were 1.78 ± 1.71 and 0.40 ± 0.18, respectively. About 40% of surface energy obtained from drought agro-ecosystem was used for evapotranspiration and heat consumption.

Deep tillage and irrigation impacts on soil water balance and water productivity of direct-seeded rice–wheat cropping system in north-west India

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dhaliwal ◽  
M. S. Kahlon ◽  
S. S. Kukal
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
North West ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Direct Seeded

Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is a potent option for north-west India considering the current shortages of labour and water. The formation of a subsurface compact layer in medium to coarse textured soils due to continuous puddling used for commonly grown puddled, transplanted rice hampers the root growth of DSR and wheat crops. It is thus imperative to study the deep tillage effects on water balance and water productivity of the DSR–wheat cropping system. A two-year field experiment was conducted during 2016–17 and 2017–18 in a sandy loam soil to study the soil water dynamics in relation to tillage and irrigation regimes in a DSR–wheat cropping system. There were two irrigation regimes both in DSR (irrigation at 4-day and 8-day intervals) and wheat (based on irrigation water to pan evaporation ratio of 1.0 (I1.0) and 0.5 (I0.5)) in main plots; with three tillage treatments in subplots: (1) conventional tillage for both DSR and wheat (DSRCT-WCT), (2) deep tillage before sowing of DSR during the first season + conventional tillage in wheat (DSRDT1-WCT) and (3) deep tillage before sowing of DSR during both seasons + conventional tillage in wheat (DSRDT2-WCT). The irrigation water input was lower by 325 mm under 8-day, I0.5 compared with 4-day, I1.0 irrigation regimes during both years. The evapotranspiration (ET) was significantly higher in plots with the 4-day compared to 8-day irrigation regime by 22.8% and 17.2% during 2016 and 2017 respectively. In wheat, ET was significantly higher in plots with I1.0 than I0.5 by 42.7% and 34.8% during 2016–17 and 2017–18 respectively. The ET was significantly higher in DSRDT2-WCT and DSRDT1-WCT than DSRCT-WCT in DSR. The water productivity was higher in less frequently (8-day and I0.5) than in frequently irrigated (4-day and I1.0) plots. Deep tillage during both seasons (DSRDT2-WCT) had no significant influence on the soil water balance components and water productivity in comparison to deep tillage only once in two years (DSRDT1-WCT). However, the ET and water productivity were significantly higher in plots with deep tillage compared to conventional tillage.

Effects of Winter Legumes on the Nitrogen Economy and Productivity of Succeeding Cereals

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. S. Ahlawat ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
C. S. Saraf
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Nitrogen Economy ◽  
North West

SUMMARYResults are described of an experiment conducted for 2 years in North-West India where grain legumes increased the N and P status of the soil compared with cereal or fallow. Maize following legumes recorded increases in growth, yield attributes, yield and N uptake. Various winter grain legumes such as chickpea, lentil, pea and Lathyrus sativus reduced the need for fertilizer N in maize to the extent of 18–68 kg/ha compared with cereal (wheat) or fallow. Application of nitrogen to the maize promoted plant growth and increased both yield and N uptake.

Spring maize (Zea maysL.) response to different crop establishment and moisture management practices in north-west plains of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Gurvinder Singh ◽  
V. K. Joshi ◽  
Subhash Chandra ◽  
Amit Bhatnagar ◽  
Anchal Dass
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
North West ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Spring Maize

Electron Microscopic Examination of a Transplantable Rat Mammary Carcinoma

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
S. Shirahama ◽  
G. C. Engle ◽  
R. M. Dutcher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
North West ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Tissue Specimens

A transplantable carcinoma was established in North West Sprague Dawley (NWSD) rats by use of X-irradiation by Engle and Spencer. The tumor was passaged through 63 generations over a period of 32 months. The original tumor, an adenocarcinoma, changed into an undifferentiated carcinoma following the 19th transplant. The tumor grew well in NWSD rats of either sex at various ages. It was invariably fatal, causing death of the host within 15 to 35 days following transplantation.Tumor, thymus, spleen, and plasma from 7 rats receiving transplants of tumor at 3 to 9 weeks of age were examined with an electron microscope at intervals of 8, 15, 22 and 30 days after transplantation. Four normal control rats of the same age were also examined. The tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon. The plasma was separated from heparanized blood and processed as previously described for the tissue specimens. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead citrate and examined with an RCA EMU-3G electron microscope.

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