Arıtılmış Atık Su Seviyelerinin Mürdümük (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotiplerinin Çimlenme Gelişimine Etkisi

Küresel iklim değişikliği, hızla artan dünya nüfusu tatlı su kaynakları üzerinde bir baskı oluşturmuş ve bu baskıda özellikle tarım sektörünü alternatif su kaynağı arayışına itmiştir. Bu kaynakların başında ise arıtılmış atık sular gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, farklı konsantrasyonlardaki arıtılmış atık su seviyelerinin (0, %25, %50, %75 ve % 100) farklı mürdümük genotiplerinin çimlenmesi üzerine etkileri araştırmıştır. Bitki materyali olarak bir adet yerel populasyon (4301) ve bir adet çeşit (GAP Mavisi) kullanılmıştır. Çalışma Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünmüş Parselleri Deneme Desenine göre 4 tekrarlı olarak kontrollü şartlarda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, çimlenme oranı, sürgün uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu, sürgün yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı ile vigor indeksi incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 4301 yerel populasyonunun Gap Mavisi çeşidi kadar arıtılmış atık suyuna olumlu cevap verdiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca arıtılmış atık su seviyelerinin incelenen tüm özellikleri % 75 düzeyine kadar arttırdığı görülmüştür.

Evaluation of the effects of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide on Lathyrus sativus L.

Background The effect of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and cyclophosphamide (CP) on grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) has been studied. Results The effect of the selected drugs on radicle length, colchicine induces polyploidy and in vitro callus growth has been studied (concentration used: 5-Fluorouracil—0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mM; Cyclophosphamide—1, 10, 20 and 30 mM). The biochemical studies on superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidase activity also studied. Radicle length, polyploidy percentage and callus growth decrease in both the drugs in a dose-dependent manner. The SOD, catalase and LP activity decrease with the increase in drug concentration except for low dose (for 5FU—0.01 mM and 1 mM for CP). Induced polyploidy (Control B) than water germinated seedling (Control A) shows higher enzyme activity but a decrease in the increased dose of drugs. Conclusions The present work has been done to assess the effective potentiality of two anticancerous drugs 5FU and CP with an objective to establish plant system as a model for preliminary screening of anticancerous lead compounds. The result of the present work would pave the way for the screening of unknown lead compounds with the potentiality to act as base analogue and DNA cross-linking drugs. This system is faster, cost-effective and convenient than animal model.

Evaluating The Performance of Nutrients Uptake Capabilities and Enzymatic Activities in The Different Green Manures

Winter green manure potentially uptake large amount of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) from the soil. However, the mechanism underlying nutrient uptake in green manure varieties remain elusive. This study illustrates the P and K uptake potential in different leguminous and non-leguminous species through integrated approaches. The designed studies evaluated the 10 green manure crops included five leguminous species (i.e smooth vetch hairy vetch, common vetch, lathyrus sativus, and milk vetch) and five non-leguminous species (i.e February orchid, chinese radish, forage radish, rapeseed and ryegrass) were planted. Experimental results indicated that the smooth vetch had highest P and K uptake capabilities among all leguminous species. While, rapeseed and chinese radish greatly P and K obtain among all non-leguminous treatments. Therefore various species also affected soil P and K availability and soil enzymes. Soil enzymatic activities including phosphatase (150.7%) and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (95.4%) were elevated in lathryus sativus compared to the hairy vetch and common vetch respectively. The highest β-glucosidase (95.2%) and leucine-aminopeptidase (107.6%) activities accumulated in lathyrus sativus greater than the smooth vetch in all legumes species. In non-leguminous treatments phosphatase (500.5%), β-glucosidase (424.4%), and N-acetylglucosaminidase (256.3%) activities were improved in chinese radish as compared to the rapeseed. In constrast ryegrass was promoted greatest leucine-aminopeptidase activity by 182.7% higher than forage radish. However soil enzymes significanlty improve soil nutrient status. As a conclusion smooth vetch, rapeseed, and Chinese radish varieties have more P and K obtain capacity and forage radish could enhance soil enzyme activities. It is suggested these varieties might be a better choice in green manuring practice for improving nutrient management and soil nutrient quality in agro-ecosystems.

Formation of the leaf surface and productivity of the chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L.) depending on the amounts of mineral fertilizers and pre-sowing inoculation of seeds

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of different amounts of mineral fertilization, bacterization of seeds on the leaf surface area formation and the chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus) productivity. The study engaged six NPK fertilization amounts (0 – the check (control) without fertilizers, N15P15K15, N30P30K30, N15P30K30 + N15 (top dressing), N45P45K45 and N30P45K45 + N15 (top dressing) on two backgrounds of pre-sowing seed treatment (the control, water seed treatment, seed treatment with microbiological preparation Rizogumin, which contains a suspension of nodule bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum 31 and physiologically active substances of biological origin). The leaf surface area was determined by the cutting method (in the phase of the first trifoliate leaf, budding, flowering, pod formation), which includes the selection of 15 plants, where the leaves are quickly cut off, weighed and their wet weight is determined. After that, cuts are made with a probe of a known diameter, 5 pcs. from every leaf. The mass of all cuts was determined. After determining the surface area of the leaves of each plant, the average plant area was calculated for each variant of the experiment. The average leaf surface area was multiplied by the number of plants per square meter, and the result was multiplied by 10000 to convert it to the average leaf surface area per hectare. The yield accounting was maintained by the method of continuous threshing from the registration plot by a selected combine harvester, with cleaning from impurities, weighing and determining the moisture content of the harvested grain. The maximum leaf surface area (60.8 thousand m2 ha-1) was in the phase of grain filling when N30P45K45 + N15 was added to top dressing and seed treatment with Rizogumin. In the absence of inoculation, the leaf area was 4.1 thousand m2 ha-1 less.