Histologic detection of Helicobacter pylori by the immunohistochemical method using anti-Helicobacter pylori polyclonal antibody: A cross-sectional study of patients with gastric pathologies at the Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Advera I. Ngaiza ◽  
James J. Yahaya ◽  
Angela K. Mwakimonga ◽  
Edda Vuhahula ◽  
Leah Mnango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Peripheral neuropathy in HIV-infected children attending care and treatment clinic, at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam: a cross sectional study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Insiyah A Amiji ◽  
Helga E Naburi ◽  
Edward Kija ◽  
Livin P Mumburi
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Clinic ◽  
Care And Treatment

Abstract Background Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a neurological complication of untreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection or exposure to certain antiretroviral drugs. In Tanzania where HIV is a major public health problem, the burden of HIV associated peripheral neuropathy has not yet been well defined in children.Thisstudy investigated the prevalence and associated factors for peripheral neuropathy among children living with HIV, attending Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 383 HIV positive children aged 5 to 18 years at MNH, CTC in Dar es Salaam between October to December 2019. All participants provided written assent/consent. Structured questionnaires designed for this study was used to collect data and screening for peripheral neuropathy was done on each participant using the Pediatric modified Total Neuropathy Score (Ped m TNS) that includes subjective and objective assessment. A score of 5 or greater on the Ped m TNS was used to define peripheral neuropathy. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 23. Results The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among HIV infected children was 14.1 % (95 % CI (10.8 − 18 %). Common neuropathic symptoms were numbness, tingling sensation, reduced ankle reflexes and reduced sensation to light touch and pain that was limited to the toes. Low CD4 cell count (OR = 12.21; 95 % CI3.75–39.66; p = 0.0001), high viral load (OR = 10.54; 95 % CI 3.19–34.77; p = 0.0001), ART regime containing NRTI plus PI (OR = 3.93; 95 % CI 1.43– 10.74; p = 0.01) and the last exposure to isoniazid more than 6 months ago (OR = 3.71; 95 % CI 1.57–8.77; p = 0.003) were independent predictors for peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion Peripheral neuropathy is common among HIV infected children attending CTC at MNH and its frequency increases with advanced disease. The choice of ART regimen and other drugs for treating comorbid conditions should carefully be evaluated.

scholarly journals Peripheral Neuropathy in HIV-infected children attending Care and Treatment  Clinic, at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam: A Cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insiyah Amiji ◽  
Helga Naburi ◽  
Edward Kija ◽  
Livin Mumburi
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Clinic ◽  
Care And Treatment

Abstract Background: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a neurological complication of untreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection or exposure to antiretroviral drugs. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and associated factors for peripheral neuropathy among children living with HIV, attending Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH).Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at MNH-CTC in Dar es Salaam between October - December 2019, where 383 HIV positive children aged 5 to 18 years were enrolled . Baseline characteristics were obtained from participant’s medical records at enrollment. Screening for peripheral neuropathy was done on each participant using the Pediatric modified Total Neuropathy Score (Ped m TNS) screening tool . Continuous variables were summarized as mean (± standard deviation) or median (Interquartile range) and differences compared using student t -test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and differences compared using chi square or Fisher’s exact test. Logistic regression models were applied to determine the independent predictors of peripheral neuropathy on multivariate analysis, reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). ResultsThe prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among HIV infected children was 14.1% (95% CI (10.8% - 18%). Common neuropathic presentation was numbness and tingling sensation, reduced ankle reflexes, loss of vibration sense and reduced light touch and sensation to pain limited to fingers and toes. Severe immunosuppression reflected by CD4 count < 200 cell/mm3 (OR=5.21; 95% CI 2.0 – 13.57; p = 0.001), high viremia ≥ 1000 copies/ml (OR=26.31; 95% CI 7.91 – 86.51; p <0.001), use of a combination regimen containing NRTI plus PI (OR= 5.67; 95% CI 2.11– 15.22; p = 0.01) and time interval of at least ≥ 6 months since last use of isoniazid (OR=3.35; 95% CI 1.41 – 7.91; p = 0.006) were independent predictors for peripheral neuropathy. ConclusionPeripheral neuropathy is common among HIV infected children attending CTC at MNH and its frequency increases with advanced disease. The choice of antiretroviral regimen and other medications with potentially neurotoxic effect should be carefully done. Early screening for peripheral neuropathy among HIV positive children should be done routinely in CTCs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome among Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Kishore Bramania ◽  
Paschal Ruggajo ◽  
Rimal Bramania ◽  
Muhiddin Mahmoud ◽  
Francis Fredrick Furia
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reverse Epidemiology ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis

Abstract Background: Malnutrition, inflammation, and the combination thereof are predictors of poor outcomes in haemodialysis patients. Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome (MICS) is an accelerator of atherosclerosis and portends high mortality. Early recognition and treatment of MICS may help to improve the clinical outlook of such patients. This study investigated the prevalence of MICS and its associated factors among patients on maintenance haemodialysis at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional observational study done among 160 adult patients on maintenance haemodialysis at MNH in 2019. All participants provided written informed consent. Questionnaires were used to collect data and patients’ blood was tested for complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, transferrin, creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, and albumin. The Malnutrition Inflammation Score was used to assess MICS and its severity. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 20 software. Results: Of the 160 patients included in the study, 111 (69.4%) were male. The mean age (±SD) of patients and mean duration (±SD) on haemodialysis were 52.2(13.3) years and 22(18) months respectively. MICS was prevalent in 46.3% (mild in 24.4% and moderate to severe in 21.9%). Long-term haemodialysis (>4years) was an independent predictor of MICS [Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR 5.04 (95% CI: 1.33–19.2), p<0.05]. Hypercholesterolaemia was a negative predictor of MICS [AOR 0.11 (95% CI: 0.01-0.97), p<0.05]. Patients with MICS had significantly lower mean body mass index, serum albumin, total cholesterol, transferrin, haemoglobin, and creatinine levels. The presence of MICS was higher in underweight patients and those who had inflammation. Haemodialysis adequacy did not correlate with MICS. Conclusion: Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome is relatively common among patients on haemodialysis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Our study has shown a longer duration on haemodialysis to be associated with the occurrence of MICS; on the contrary, having hypercholesterolaemia seems to be protective against MICS consistent with the concept of reverse epidemiology. Patients on haemodialysis should be assessed regularly for malnutrition and inflammation and should receive appropriate and timely treatment to reduce the burden of associated morbidity, and mortality to these patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of malnutrition inflammation complex syndrome among patients on maintenance haemodialysis at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet K. Bramania ◽  
Paschal Ruggajo ◽  
Rimal Bramania ◽  
Muhiddin Mahmoud ◽  
Francis F. Furia
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reverse Epidemiology ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis

Abstract Background Malnutrition, inflammation, and the combination thereof are predictors of poor outcomes in haemodialysis patients. Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome (MICS) is an accelerator of atherosclerosis and portends high mortality. Early recognition and treatment of MICS may help to improve the clinical outlook of such patients. This study investigated the prevalence of MICS and its associated factors among patients on maintenance haemodialysis at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional observational study done among 160 adult patients on maintenance haemodialysis at MNH in 2019. All participants provided written informed consent. Questionnaires were used to collect data and patients’ blood was tested for complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, transferrin, creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, and albumin. The Malnutrition Inflammation Score was used to assess MICS and its severity. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 20 software. Results Of the 160 patients included in the study, 111 (69.4%) were male. The mean age (±SD) of patients and mean duration (±SD) on haemodialysis were 52.2(13.3) years and 22(18) months respectively. MICS was prevalent in 46.3% (mild in 24.4% and moderate to severe in 21.9%). Long-term haemodialysis (> 4 years) was an independent predictor of MICS [Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR 5.04 (95% CI: 1.33–19.2), p < 0.05]. Hypercholesterolaemia was a negative predictor of MICS [AOR 0.11 (95% CI: 0.01–0.97), p < 0.05]. Patients with MICS had significantly lower mean body mass index, serum albumin, total cholesterol, transferrin, haemoglobin, and creatinine levels. The presence of MICS was higher in underweight patients and those who had inflammation. Haemodialysis adequacy did not correlate with MICS. Conclusion Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome is relatively common among patients on haemodialysis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Our study has shown a longer duration on haemodialysis to be associated with the occurrence of MICS; on the contrary, having hypercholesterolaemia seems to be protective against MICS consistent with the concept of reverse epidemiology. Patients on haemodialysis should be assessed regularly for malnutrition and inflammation and should receive appropriate and timely treatment to reduce the burden of associated morbidity, and mortality to these patients.

scholarly journals Metabolic Bone Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients (CKD-MBD) and its Associated Factors at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es salaam, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Faustin Mungulluh ◽  
Paschal Ruggajo ◽  
Francis Fredrick Furia
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Metabolic Bone Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Bone

Abstract Background: Metabolic bone disease in chronic kidney disease patients is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and it has been reported to start early in the course of the disease and worsen as the kidney damage progresses. However, the prevalence and factors associated with metabolic bone disease in chronic kidney disease patients in our setting has not been established, so we aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with metabolic bone disease among patients with chronic kidney disease at a tertiary Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es salaam, Tanzania so as to help physicians recognize the patients at risk, diagnose the problem and prevent complications sooner.Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study involving adult patients with chronic kidney disease attending renal unit Muhimbili National Hospital, a tertiary referral center in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Systematic sampling technique was employed to get study participants after being given informed consent. In this study, CKD-MBD was defined basing on the abnormality of serum calcium, phosphate or parathyroid hormone level. Data analysis was done using the SPSS version 23.0 software. Results: A total of 300 participants with chronic kidney disease stage 3 and above were included in this study. Majority were male, 198 (66.0%), with a mean age of 53 years. The prevalence of metabolic bone disease was found to be 75.0%. The most common form of metabolic bone disease was hyperparathyroidism 196 (87.1%), followed by hypocalcemia 174 (77.3%) and hyperphosphatemia 82 (36.4%), which was the least common. Factors which were found to be significantly associated with CKD-MBD were the use of calcium supplements, use of phosphate binders, being on dialysis, a calcium rich diet and a low phosphate diet.Conclusion: Metabolic bone diseases are common in patients with CKD at Muhimbili National Hospital. Patients with CKD should undergo serial assessment of phosphate, calcium and parathyroid hormone level, considered together, so as to diagnose metabolic bone disease early and treat those patients who will be found to have persistently or prolonged abnormalities in these bone mineral biomarkers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document