Involvement of Genetic Variants Associated With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Pathogenic Mechanisms and Family History of Glaucoma

Abstract Purpose: To identify risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a Vietnamese population. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology. Cases were patients clinically diagnosed with POAG. Controls were caregivers of patients with other eye diseases, free from any ocular and systemic abnormalities, and were selected and then matched with the cases by gender and age. Cases and controls were examined by a glaucoma specialist to confirm presence or absence of POAG. Data on demographic, ophthalmic and medical conditions were collected via interview at time of examination. Associations between POAG and potential factors were examined by univariate conditional logistic regression analysis (OR – Odd Ratios) and multivariate conditional logistic regression (AOR – Adjusted Odd Ratios) with level of significance is 0.05. Results: In total, 128 cases with POAG and 128 controls were recruited. Multivariate conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression analysis resulted in several significant risk factors, including hypertension AOR =4.7 (95% CI: 1.8–12.0; p=0.002); family history of glaucoma AOR = 6.4 (95% CI: 1.3 – 32.2; p = 0.026); over–the–counter eye medication AOR = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.5 – 6.5; p = 0.006), and a protective role for marriage AOR = 0.2 (95% CI: 0.1 – 0.7; p = 0.006) and weekly exercise AOR = 0.3 (95% CI: 0.1 – 0.8; p = 0.021). Conclusions: Hypertension, family history of glaucoma and over–the–counter eye medication were risk factors while marriage and weekly exercise were protective factors for POAG in Vietnamese population.

Download Full-text

Factors Related to Superior and Inferior Hemifield Defects in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/4705485 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Remi Takeuchi ◽

Nobuko Enomoto ◽

Kyoko Ishida ◽

Ayako Anraku ◽

Goji Tomita

Keyword(s):

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Defect Group ◽

Ganglion Cell Complex ◽

Open Angle ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Defect Groups ◽

Disc Area ◽

History Of

Purpose. We aimed to investigate factors related to superior and inferior hemifield defects in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods. Sixty-seven subjects with newly diagnosed, untreated POAG underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the disc area, macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC), and circumpapillary retinal nerve ﬁber layer (cpRNFL) thickness within 6 months of the visual field (VF) test. Based on the VF and OCT results, 40 subjects had a superior and 27 an inferior hemiﬁeld defect. Clinical data including visual acuity, refractive error, disc hemorrhage, VF indexes, and medical history were recorded. Results. Average mGCC thickness corresponding to the defective hemifields was thinner in the superior VF defect group than in the inferior VF defect group (P=0.003). Average total deviation (TD) was comparable between the two groups. However, the superior VF defect group had a higher prevalence of defects (P=0.001) and lower TD (P=0.002) within central 5 degrees of VF than the inferior VF defect group. In multivariate regression analyses, the temporal-lower and inferior-temporal cpRNFL thicknesses were significant contributing factors to the inferior mGCC thickness in the superior VF defect group. In the inferior VF defect group, the disc area, family history of glaucoma, and temporal-upper cpRNFL thickness contributed to the superior mGCC thickness. Conclusion. The inferior mGCC thickness corresponding to the superior hemifield defect group was significantly thinner than the superior mGCC thickness corresponding to the inferior hemifield defect group. The factors related to the reduction of the corresponding mGCC thickness may differ between superior VF defect and inferior VF defect groups.

Download Full-text