Association of change in alcohol consumption on fasting serum glucose, insulin resistance, and beta cell function among Korean men

Alcohol ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Gyeongsil Lee ◽  
Jiyoung Kang ◽  
Sang Min Park ◽  
Eunju Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Fasting Serum Glucose

scholarly journals Maternal Rat Diabetes Mellitus Deleteriously Affects Insulin Sensitivity and Beta-Cell Function in the Offspring

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel-Baset M. Aref ◽  
Osama M. Ahmed ◽  
Lobna A. Ali ◽  
Margit Semmler
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Normal Rat

This study was designed to assess the effect of maternal diabetes in rats on serum glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin resistance, histological architecture of pancreas and glycogen content in liver of offspring. The pregnant rat females were allocated into two main groups: normal control group and streptozotocin-induced diabetic group. After birth, the surviving offspring were subjected to biochemical and histological examination immediately after delivery and at the end of the 1st and 2nd postnatal weeks. In comparison with the offspring of normal control dams, the fasting serum glucose level of offspring of diabetic mothers was significantly increased at the end of the 1st and 2nd postnatal weeks. Serum insulin level of offspring of diabetic dams was significantly higher at birth and decreased significantly during the following 2 postnatal weeks, while in normal rat offspring, it was significantly increased with progress of time. HOMA Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly increased in the offspring of diabetic dams at birth and after 1 week than in normal rat offspring, while HOMA insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) was significantly decreased. HOMA beta-cell function was significantly decreased at all-time intervals in offspring of diabetic dams. At birth, islets of Langerhans as well as beta cells in offspring of diabetic dams were hypertrophied. The cells constituting islets seemed to have a high division rate. However, beta-cells were degenerated during the following 2 post-natal weeks and smaller insulin secreting cells predominated. Vacuolation and necrosis of the islets of Langerhans were also observed throughout the experimental period. The carbohydrate content in liver of offspring of diabetic dams was at all-time intervals lower than that in control. The granule distribution was more random. Overall, the preexisting maternal diabetes leads to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin sensitivity andβ-cell function in the offspring at different postnatal periods.

Insulin resistance and beta cell function in aboriginals with type 2 diabetes in Atlantic Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng H. Tan ◽  
Sethu Reddy ◽  
Jean Abram ◽  
Pantelis Andreou ◽  
Danita Volder
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Atlantic Canada

scholarly journals Sustained Improvements in Glucose Metabolism Late After Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Patients with and Without Preoperative Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils B. Jørgensen ◽  
Kirstine N. Bojsen-Møller ◽  
Carsten Dirksen ◽  
Christoffer Martinussen ◽  
Maria S. Svane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Relative Change

Abstract To describe glucose metabolism in the late, weight stable phase after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) in patients with and without preoperative type 2 diabetes we invited 55 RYGB-operated persons from two existing cohorts to participate in a late follow-up study. 44 (24 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT)/20 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) before surgery) accepted the invitation (median follow-up 2.7 [Range 2.2–5.0 years]). Subjects were examined during an oral glucose stimulus and results compared to preoperative and 1-year (1 y) post RYGB results. Glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, beta-cell function and incretin hormone secretion were evaluated. 1 y weight loss was maintained late after surgery. Glycemic control, insulin resistance, beta-cell function and GLP-1 remained improved late after surgery in both groups. In NGT subjects, nadir glucose decreased 1 y after RYGB, but did not change further. In T2D patients, relative change in weight from 1 y to late after RYGB correlated with relative change in fasting glucose and HbA1c, whereas relative changes in glucose-stimulated insulin release correlated inversely with relative changes in postprandial glucose excursions. In NGT subjects, relative changes in postprandial nadir glucose correlated with changes in beta-cell glucose sensitivity. Thus, effects of RYGB on weight and glucose metabolism are maintained late after surgery in patients with and without preoperative T2D. Weight loss and improved beta-cell function both contribute to maintenance of long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, and increased glucose stimulated insulin secretion may contribute to postprandial hypoglycemia in NGT subjects.

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