Antiviral activity of microalgae extracts against Mayaro virus

Abstract Background: The arthropod-borne Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes ‘Mayaro fever’, a disease of medical significance, primarily affecting individuals in permanent contact with forested areas in tropical South America. Recently, MAYV has attracted attention due to its likely urbanization. Currently, there are no licensed drugs against most mosquito-transmitted viruses. Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruits cultivated in Brazil were submitted to a phytochemical investigation for the identification and isolation of antiviral compounds. In the present study we studied the antiviral activity of pomegranate extracts in Vero cells infected with Mayaro virus. Methods: The Ethanol extract and Punicalagin of Pomegranate were extracted solely of the shell and purified by chromatographic fractionation and chemically identified using spectroscopic techniques. Cytotoxicity of purified compounds was measured by the dye-uptake assay while their antiviral activity was evaluated by a virus yield inhibition assay.Results: Pomegranate ethanol extract (CC50 = 588.9, IC50 = 12.3) and a fraction containing punicalagin as major compound (CC50 = 441.5, IC50 = 28.2) were shown to have antiviral activity (SI 49 and 16, respectively) against Mayaro virus, an alphavirus. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the virucidal effect of Pomegranate extract and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed damage in viral particles treated with this extract. Conclusions: The P. granatum extract is a promising source of antiviral compounds against the alphavirus MAYV and are excellent candidates for future studies with other enveloped RNA viruses.

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Detection of the antiviral activity of epicatechin isolated from Salacia crassifolia (Celastraceae) against Mayaro virus based on protein C homology modelling and virtual screening

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s00705-018-3774-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 163 (6) ◽

pp. 1567-1576 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

P. G. Ferreira ◽

A. C. Ferraz ◽

J. E. Figueiredo ◽

C. F. Lima ◽

V. G. Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Screening ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Protein C ◽

Homology Modelling ◽

Mayaro Virus

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Cryo-EM structure of the mature and infective Mayaro virus at 4.4 Å resolution reveals features of arthritogenic alphaviruses

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23400-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Helder V. Ribeiro-Filho ◽

Lais D. Coimbra ◽

Alexandre Cassago ◽

Rebeca P. F. Rocha ◽

João Victor da Silva Guerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Receptor Binding ◽

Viral Proteins ◽

Particle Formation ◽

Hydrophobic Pocket ◽

Conformational Epitopes ◽

Functional Complexity ◽

Mayaro Virus ◽

Spike Proteins

AbstractMayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arbovirus of the Americas that may cause a debilitating arthritogenic disease. The biology of MAYV is not fully understood and largely inferred from related arthritogenic alphaviruses. Here, we present the structure of MAYV at 4.4 Å resolution, obtained from a preparation of mature, infective virions. MAYV presents typical alphavirus features and organization. Interactions between viral proteins that lead to particle formation are described together with a hydrophobic pocket formed between E1 and E2 spike proteins and conformational epitopes specific of MAYV. We also describe MAYV glycosylation residues in E1 and E2 that may affect MXRA8 host receptor binding, and a molecular “handshake” between MAYV spikes formed by N262 glycosylation in adjacent E2 proteins. The structure of MAYV is suggestive of structural and functional complexity among alphaviruses, which may be targeted for specificity or antiviral activity.

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Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Cyclic Ketones against Mayaro Virus

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13112123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2123

Author(s):

Luciana S. Fernandes ◽

Milene L. da da Silva ◽

Roberto S. Dias ◽

Marcel S. da S. da S. Lucindo ◽

Ítalo E. P. da da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Cyclic Ketones ◽

Cell Viability Assay ◽

Viability Assay ◽

Forested Areas ◽

A Cell ◽

Strong Inflammatory Response ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Mayaro Virus ◽

First Time

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a neglected arthropod-borne virus found in the Americas. MAYV infection results in Mayaro fever, a non-lethal debilitating disease characterized by a strong inflammatory response affecting the joints and muscles. MAYV was once considered endemic to forested areas in Brazil but has managed to adapt and spread to urban regions using new vectors, such as Aedes aegypti, and has the potential to cause serious epidemics in the future. Currently, there are no vaccines or specific treatments against MAYV. In this study, the antiviral activity of a series of synthetic cyclic ketones were evaluated for the first time against MAYV. Twenty-four compounds were screened in a cell viability assay, and eight were selected for further evaluation. Effective concentration (EC50) and selectivity index (SI) were calculated and compound 9-(5-(4-chlorophenyl]furan-2-yl)-3,6-dimethyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2))-dione (9) (EC50 = 21.5 µmol·L–1, SI = 15.8) was selected for mechanism of action assays. The substance was able to reduce viral activity by approximately 70% in both pre-treatment and post-treatment assays.

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Antiviral activity of silymarin against Mayaro virus and protective effect in virus-induced oxidative stress

Antiviral Research ◽

10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.07.023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 158 ◽

pp. 8-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Fernanda Caetano Camini ◽

Tales Fernando da Silva ◽

Camila Carla da Silva Caetano ◽

Letícia Trindade Almeida ◽

Ariane Coelho Ferraz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Mayaro Virus

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Cryo-EM structure of the mature and infective Mayaro virus at 4.4 Å resolution reveals new features of arthritogenic alphaviruses

10.1101/2020.11.06.371773 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Helder Ribeiro Filho ◽

Lais D. Coimbra ◽

Alexandre Cassago ◽

Rebeca P. F. Rocha ◽

Antonio Cláudio Padilha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Receptor Binding ◽

Viral Proteins ◽

Particle Formation ◽

Hydrophobic Pocket ◽

Conformational Epitopes ◽

Functional Complexity ◽

Mayaro Virus ◽

Spike Proteins

ABSTRACTMayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arbovirus of the Americas that may cause a debilitating arthritogenic disease. The biology of MAYV is not fully understood and largely inferred from related arthritogenic alphaviruses. Here we present the structure of MAYV at 4.4 Å resolution, obtained from a preparation of mature, infective virions. MAYV presents typical alphavirus features and organization. Interactions between viral proteins that lead to particle formation are described together with a hydrophobic pocket formed between E1 and E2 spike proteins and conformational epitopes specific of MAYV. We also describe MAYV glycosylation residues in E1 and E2 that may affect MXRA8 host receptor binding, and a molecular “handshake” between MAYV spikes formed by N262 glycosylation in adjacent E2 proteins. The structure of MAYV is suggestive of structural and functional complexity among alphaviruses, which may be targeted for specificity or antiviral activity.

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Virucidal and antiviral activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract against the mosquito-borne Mayaro virus

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04955-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tiago Souza Salles ◽

Marcelo Damião Ferreira Meneses ◽

Lucio Ayres Caldas ◽

Thayane Encarnação Sá-Guimarães ◽

Danielle M. de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Vero Cells ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Antiviral Compounds ◽

Forested Areas ◽

Uptake Assay ◽

Mayaro Virus ◽

Promising Source

Abstract Background The arthropod-borne Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes “Mayaro fever,” a disease of medical significance, primarily affecting individuals in permanent contact with forested areas in tropical South America. Recently, MAYV has attracted attention due to its likely urbanization. There are currently no licensed drugs against most mosquito-transmitted viruses. Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruits cultivated in Brazil have been subjected to phytochemical investigation for the identification and isolation of antiviral compounds. In the present study, we explored the antiviral activity of pomegranate extracts in Vero cells infected with Mayaro virus. Methods The ethanol extract and punicalagin of pomegranate were extracted solely from the shell and purified by chromatographic fractionation, and were chemically identified using spectroscopic techniques. The cytotoxicity of the purified compounds was measured by the dye uptake assay, while their antiviral activity was evaluated by a virus yield inhibition assay. Results Pomegranate ethanol extract (CC50 = 588.9, IC50 = 12.3) and a fraction containing punicalagin as major compound (CC50 = 441.5, IC50 = 28.2) were shown to have antiviral activity (SI 49 and 16, respectively) against Mayaro virus, an alphavirus. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the virucidal effect of pomegranate extract, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed damage in viral particles treated with this extract. Conclusions The P. granatum extract is a promising source of antiviral compounds against the alphavirus MAYV and represents an excellent candidate for future studies with other enveloped RNA viruses. Graphical abstract

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