scholarly journals Virucidal and antiviral activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract against the mosquito-borne Mayaro virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Souza Salles ◽  
Marcelo Damião Ferreira Meneses ◽  
Lucio Ayres Caldas ◽  
Thayane Encarnação Sá-Guimarães ◽  
Danielle M. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Mayaro Virus ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract Background The arthropod-borne Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes “Mayaro fever,” a disease of medical significance, primarily affecting individuals in permanent contact with forested areas in tropical South America. Recently, MAYV has attracted attention due to its likely urbanization. There are currently no licensed drugs against most mosquito-transmitted viruses. Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruits cultivated in Brazil have been subjected to phytochemical investigation for the identification and isolation of antiviral compounds. In the present study, we explored the antiviral activity of pomegranate extracts in Vero cells infected with Mayaro virus. Methods The ethanol extract and punicalagin of pomegranate were extracted solely from the shell and purified by chromatographic fractionation, and were chemically identified using spectroscopic techniques. The cytotoxicity of the purified compounds was measured by the dye uptake assay, while their antiviral activity was evaluated by a virus yield inhibition assay. Results Pomegranate ethanol extract (CC50 = 588.9, IC50 = 12.3) and a fraction containing punicalagin as major compound (CC50 = 441.5, IC50 = 28.2) were shown to have antiviral activity (SI 49 and 16, respectively) against Mayaro virus, an alphavirus. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the virucidal effect of pomegranate extract, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed damage in viral particles treated with this extract. Conclusions The P. granatum extract is a promising source of antiviral compounds against the alphavirus MAYV and represents an excellent candidate for future studies with other enveloped RNA viruses. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Virucidal and Antiviral Activity of Extract of Punica Granatum Cultivated in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Souza Salles ◽  
Marcelo Damião Ferreira Meneses ◽  
Lucio Ayres Caldas ◽  
Thayane Encarnação Sá-Guimaraes ◽  
Danielle M. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Mayaro Virus ◽  
Promising Source

Abstract Background: The arthropod-borne Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes ‘Mayaro fever’, a disease of medical significance, primarily affecting individuals in permanent contact with forested areas in tropical South America. Recently, MAYV has attracted attention due to its likely urbanization. Currently, there are no licensed drugs against most mosquito-transmitted viruses. Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruits cultivated in Brazil were submitted to a phytochemical investigation for the identification and isolation of antiviral compounds. In the present study we studied the antiviral activity of pomegranate extracts in Vero cells infected with Mayaro virus. Methods: The Ethanol extract and Punicalagin of Pomegranate were extracted solely of the shell and purified by chromatographic fractionation and chemically identified using spectroscopic techniques. Cytotoxicity of purified compounds was measured by the dye-uptake assay while their antiviral activity was evaluated by a virus yield inhibition assay.Results: Pomegranate ethanol extract (CC50 = 588.9, IC50 = 12.3) and a fraction containing punicalagin as major compound (CC50 = 441.5, IC50 = 28.2) were shown to have antiviral activity (SI 49 and 16, respectively) against Mayaro virus, an alphavirus. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the virucidal effect of Pomegranate extract and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed damage in viral particles treated with this extract. Conclusions: The P. granatum extract is a promising source of antiviral compounds against the alphavirus MAYV and are excellent candidates for future studies with other enveloped RNA viruses.

Antiviral Activity of Solanum paniculatum Extract and Constituents

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ydia M. Valadares ◽  
Geraldo C. Brandão ◽  
Erna G. Kroon ◽  
José D. Souza Filho ◽  
Alaíde B. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Encephalomyocarditis Virus ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Cytotoxicity

Solanum species are traditionally employed as antiherpes and anticancer agents in different countries. S. paniculatum has widespread ethnomedical uses in Brazil, including the treatment of viral infections. This paper reports on the isolation of neotigogenin (1) and the new compound Δ25(27)-tigogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), obtained as a mixture of R and S diastereoisomers at C22 from an ethanol extract of S. paniculatum leaves, along with the determination of their cytotoxicity against Vero cells and antiviral effect against human herpes virus type 1 (HHV-1), murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCv), and vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve (VACV-WR). The extract of S. paniculatum inhibited HHV-1 replication [EC50 = (298.0 ± 11.2) μg/ml] and showed no effect on EMCv and VACV-WR. On its turn, 1 was inactive against the assayed strains but presented high cytotoxicity [CC50 = (2.03 ± 0.03) μg/ml], whereas 2 exhibited signifi cant antiherpes [EC50 = (170.8 ± 1.7) μg/ml] and antivaccinia virus effects [EC50 = (177.0 ± 3.3) μg/ml], with low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 400 μg/ml). The results corroborate Solanum paniculatum as a source of cytotoxic and antiviral compounds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Cyclic Ketones against Mayaro Virus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2123
Author(s):  
Luciana S. Fernandes ◽  
Milene L. da da Silva ◽  
Roberto S. Dias ◽  
Marcel S. da S. da S. Lucindo ◽  
Ítalo E. P. da da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Cyclic Ketones ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Strong Inflammatory Response ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Mayaro Virus ◽  
First Time

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a neglected arthropod-borne virus found in the Americas. MAYV infection results in Mayaro fever, a non-lethal debilitating disease characterized by a strong inflammatory response affecting the joints and muscles. MAYV was once considered endemic to forested areas in Brazil but has managed to adapt and spread to urban regions using new vectors, such as Aedes aegypti, and has the potential to cause serious epidemics in the future. Currently, there are no vaccines or specific treatments against MAYV. In this study, the antiviral activity of a series of synthetic cyclic ketones were evaluated for the first time against MAYV. Twenty-four compounds were screened in a cell viability assay, and eight were selected for further evaluation. Effective concentration (EC50) and selectivity index (SI) were calculated and compound 9-(5-(4-chlorophenyl]furan-2-yl)-3,6-dimethyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2))-dione (9) (EC50 = 21.5 µmol·L–1, SI = 15.8) was selected for mechanism of action assays. The substance was able to reduce viral activity by approximately 70% in both pre-treatment and post-treatment assays.

scholarly journals Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine Derivatives Inhibit ZIKV Replication in Cervical Cells

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Audrien Alves Andrade de Souza ◽  
Lauana Ribas Torres ◽  
Lyana Rodrigues Pinto Lima Capobianco ◽  
Vanessa Salete de Paula ◽  
Cynthia Machado Cascabulho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
Zika Fever

Despite the severe morbidity caused by Zika fever, its specific treatment is still a challenge for public health. Several research groups have investigated the drug repurposing of chloroquine. However, the highly toxic side effect induced by chloroquine paves the way for the improvement of this drug for use in Zika fever clinics. Our aim is to evaluate the anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) effect of hybrid compounds derived from chloroquine and sulfadoxine antimalarial drugs. The antiviral activity of hybrid compounds (C-Sd1 to C-Sd7) was assessed in an in-vitro model of human cervical and Vero cell lines infected with a Brazilian (BR) ZIKV strain. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect on cultures treated with up to 200 µM of C-Sds and observed CC50 values that ranged from 112.0 ± 1.8 to >200 µM in cervical cells and 43.2 ± 0.4 to 143.0 ± 1.3 µM in Vero cells. Then, the cultures were ZIKV-infected and treated with up to 25 µM of C-Sds for 48 h. The treatment of cervical cells with C-Sds at 12 µM induced a reduction of 79.8% ± 4.2% to 90.7% ± 1.5% of ZIKV–envelope glycoprotein expression in infected cells as compared to 36.8% ± 2.9% of infection in vehicle control. The viral load was also investigated and revealed a reduction of 2- to 3-logs of ZIKV genome copies/mL in culture supernatants compared to 6.7 ± 0.7 × 108 copies/mL in vehicle control. The dose–response curve by plaque-forming reduction (PFR) in cervical cells revealed a potent dose-dependent activity of C-Sds in inhibiting ZIKV replication, with PFR above 50% and 90% at 6 and 12 µM, respectively, while 25 µM inhibited 100% of viral progeny. The treatment of Vero cells at 12 µM led to 100% PFR, confirming the C-Sds activity in another cell type. Regarding effective concentration in cervical cells, the EC50 values ranged from 3.2 ± 0.1 to 5.0 ± 0.2 µM, and the EC90 values ranged from 7.2 ± 0.1 to 11.6 ± 0.1 µM, with selectivity index above 40 for most C-Sds, showing a good therapeutic window. Here, our aim is to investigate the anti-ZIKV activity of new hybrid compounds that show highly potent efficacy as inhibitors of ZIKV in-vitro infection. However, further studies will be needed to investigate whether these new chemical structures can lead to the improvement of chloroquine antiviral activity.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Characterization of Olea europea Leaf Extracts and Assessment of Their Anti-Microbial and Anti-HSV-1 Activity

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Ichrak Ben-Amor ◽  
Maria Musarra-Pizzo ◽  
Antonella Smeriglio ◽  
Manuela D’Arrigo ◽  
Rosamaria Pennisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Entry Assay ◽  
Olea Europea ◽  
Hsv 1

Owing to the richness of bioactive compounds, Olea europea leaf extracts exhibit a range of health effects. The present research evaluated the antibacterial and antiviral effect of leaf extracts obtained from Olea europea L. var. sativa (OESA) and Olea europea var. sylvestris (OESY) from Tunisia. LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis allowed the identification of different compounds that contributed to the observed biological properties. Both OESA and OESY were active against Gram-positive bacteria (MIC values between 7.81 and 15.61 μg/mL and between 15.61 and 31.25 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 for OESY and OESA, respectively). The antiviral activity against the herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) was assessed on Vero cells. The results of cell viability indicated that Olea europea leaf extracts were not toxic to cultured Vero cells. The half maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values for OESA and OESY were 0.2 mg/mL and 0.82 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both a plaque reduction assay and viral entry assay were used to demonstrate the antiviral activity. In conclusion, Olea europea leaf extracts demonstrated a bacteriostatic effect, as well as remarkable antiviral activity, which could provide an alternative treatment against resistant strains.

scholarly journals Anti-Infective and Antiviral Activity of Valinomycin and Its Analogues from a Sea Cucumber-Associated Bacterium, Streptomyces sp. SV 21

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Joko T. Wibowo ◽  
Matthias Y. Kellermann ◽  
Matthias Köck ◽  
Masteria Y. Putra ◽  
Tutik Murniasih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Molecular Fragments ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Positive Strain ◽  
Infective Potential

The manuscript investigated the isolation, characterization and anti-infective potential of valinomycin (3), streptodepsipeptide P11A (2), streptodepsipeptide P11B (1), and one novel valinomycin analogue, streptodepsipeptide SV21 (4), which were all produced by the Gram-positive strain Streptomycescavourensis SV 21. Although the exact molecular weight and major molecular fragments were recently reported for compound 4, its structure elucidation was not based on compound isolation and spectroscopic techniques. We successfully isolated and elucidated the structure based on the MS2 fragmentation pathways as well as 1H and 13C NMR spectra and found that the previously reported structure of compound 4 differs from our analysis. Our findings showed the importance of isolation and structure elucidation of bacterial compounds in the era of fast omics technologies. The here performed anti-infective assays showed moderate to potent activity against fungi, multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and infectivity of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). While compounds 2, 3 and 4 revealed potent antiviral activity, the observed minor cytotoxicity needs further investigation. Furthermore, the here performed anti-infective assays disclosed that the symmetry of the valinomycin molecule is most important for its bioactivity, a fact that has not been reported so far.

scholarly journals PUNICA GRANATUM RIND EXTRACT: ANTIBIOTIC POTENTIATOR AND EFFLUX PUMP INHIBITOR OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE CLINICAL ISOLATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zumaana Rafiq ◽  
Sreevidya Narasimhan ◽  
Magesh Haridoss ◽  
Rosy Vennila ◽  
Rama Vaidyanathan
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Significant Area

ABSTRACTObjective: With a rise in multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates, search for antibiotics or compounds that could act synergistically with themis a significant area of research. Efflux-mediated resistance, in particular, is a great hurdle that needs to be overcome. In an effort to identify suchsynergistic compounds and potential efflux pump inhibitors (EPI), we analyzed the rind of Punica granatum (pomegranate) against MDR clinicalKlebsiella pneumoniae isolates.Methods: Sequential fractionation of P. granatum rind ethanol (PGR) extract was carried out to obtain hexane, butanol and water fractions.Antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was confirmed, and synergistic interaction with antibiotics was determined by the checkerboard assay. Gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify the phytochemical constituents of the hexane extract. To study EPIactivity of the extracts, norfloxacin accumulation assay was carried out.Results: PGR ethanol extract was found to have synergistic activity with ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, meropenem, and gentamicinresulting in fold decrease of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 2 to 32 fold. The hexane fraction was found to have maximumsynergistic activity resulting in a 32-fold reduction of ciprofloxacin MIC followed by butanol and water fractions. The PGR ethanol extract was alsofound to have efflux inhibition activity by the norfloxacin accumulation assay. Of the sequential fractions, the butanol fraction had maximum effluxinhibition activity.Conclusion: Therefore, our study shows that PGR extract can potentiate the effect of antibiotics on MDR bacteria, and the mode of action is likely tobe due to EPI.Keywords: Punica granatum rind, Pomegranate, Synergy with antibiotics, Multidrug resistant, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Efflux pump inhibition.

scholarly journals Ethanol extract of Cymbopogon winterianus on mortality and number of eggs of Tetranychus urticae

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Bernardo Vicentini ◽  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
Vagner Tebaldi de Queiroz ◽  
Adilson Vidal Costa ◽  
Patrícia Fontes Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Evaluation Period ◽  
Spray Tower ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Cymbopogon Winterianus ◽  
Natural Insecticides ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Citronella Grass

Plant extracts have been studied as a promising source of natural insecticides. This study assessed the effect of the ethanol extract of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt (citronella grass) in comparison with an insecticide containing azadirachtin (ICA) on mortality and number of eggs of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) in laboratory conditions. For the tests, the mites were sprayed with the aid of a Potter spray tower. To assess the mortality of females, LC50 value for extract of citronella grass and ICA was, respectively, 2.63 and 2.83%. With respect to the number of eggs, the greatest reduction was observed at a concentration of 5% for the evaluation period of 120h, both for the extract of citronella grass (86%) and for ICA (81%). These results suggest the potential of the ethanol extract of citronella grass to control of T. urticae. However, experiments, under field conditions, involving other populations of T. urticae should be performed to verify the efficacy of this extract as an alternative to be used in pest management programs

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF MEDICINAL DRACAENA CINNABARI BALF. F. RESIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
YASSER HUSSEIN EISSA MOHAMMED ◽  
DEEPIKA HS ◽  
FARES HEZAM AL-OSTOOT ◽  
ZABIULLA ◽  
ANILAKUMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Malic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Dracaena Cinnabari

Objective: The objective of the study was to in vitro evaluate of hypolipidemic effect of extracts of medicinal Dracaena cinnabari Balf. f. resin. Methods: About 800 g of dry powder of the resin of dracaena cinnabar was taken in a Soxhlet apparatus and subjected for sequential extraction of solvents from non-polar to polar end (hexane, benzene, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water); the extract samples were kept at 4°C for further assays. All the extracts were subjected to glucose uptake assay. Results: The ethanol extract showed significant (p<0.05) hypolipidemic effect by decreasing the activity of enzyme such as significant reduction in the pancreatic lipase enzyme, malic dehydrogenase enzyme, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme with IC50~13, ~13, and ~14, respectively. This results were similar to the standard drug atorvastatin with IC50~12, ~16, and ~17, respectively. Ethanol extract exhibited significant atherogenic index and percentage protection against hyperlipidemia. The potential biological activity of ethanol extract may be attributed to the highest polarity which needs further investigation.

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