scholarly journals Context-dependent effects of testosterone treatment to males on pair maintenance behaviour in zebra finches

2016 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora H. Prior ◽  
Kang Nian Yap ◽  
Tian Qi D. Liu ◽  
Clementine Vignal ◽  
Kiran K. Soma
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Maintenance Behaviour

Context-Dependent Effects of Castration and Testosterone Treatment on Song in Male European Starlings

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne Pinxten ◽  
Elke De Ridder ◽  
Jacques Balthazart ◽  
Marcel Eens
Keyword(s):  
European Starlings ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Context Dependent

Physiological Insights Into the Social-Context-Dependent Changes in the Rhythm of the Song Motor Program

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 3798-3809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenton G. Cooper ◽  
Franz Goller
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Learned Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Single Oscillator ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Almost All

Precisely timed behaviors are central to the survival of almost all organisms. Song is an example of a learned behavior under exquisite temporal control. Song tempo in zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata) is systematically modified depending on social context. When male zebra finches sing to females (directed), it is produced with a faster motor pattern compared with when they sing in isolation (undirected). We measured heart rate and air sac pressure during directed and undirected singing to quantify motivation levels and respiratory timing. Heart rate was significantly higher when male birds sang to females and was negatively correlated with song duration. The change in song tempo between directed and undirected song was accounted for by varying the duration of vocal expiratory events, whereas the duration of silent inspirations was unchanged. Song duration increased with repeated singing during directed song bouts, which was caused by a uniform increase in the duration of both expirations and inspirations. These results illustrate the importance of motivational state in regulating song tempo and demonstrate that multiple timing oscillators are necessary to control the rhythm of song. At least two different neural oscillators are required to control context-dependent changes in song tempo. One oscillator controlling expiratory duration varies as function of social context and another controlling inspiratory duration is fixed. In contrast, the song tempo change affecting expiratory and inspiratory duration within a directed bout of song could be achieved by slowing the output of a single oscillator.

scholarly journals The Causal Effect of Testosterone on Men’s Competitive Behavior is Moderated by Basal Cortisol and Cues to an Opponent’s Status: Evidence for a Context-Dependent Dual Hormone Hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik L Knight ◽  
Pablo Morales ◽  
Colton Christian ◽  
William Harbaugh ◽  
Pranjal Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
High Status ◽  
Competitive Behavior ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Status Seeking ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Context Dependent

Testosterone has been theorized to direct status-seeking behaviors, such as competitive decision-making. However, individual differences in basal cortisol and cues that signal an opponent’s status (an opponent’s gender or a prior win/loss in a competition) may moderate testosterone’s relationship with status-seeking behavior. This experiment (n = 115) examines the causal effect of testosterone treatment on men’s competitive behavior before and after receiving relative performance feedback (i.e. win/loss feedback) in mixed-gender math competitions, while also accounting for the moderating role of endogenous basal cortisol. Men given testosterone treatment who had high basal cortisol showed an increased tendency to compete against female opponents and avoid competition against male opponents; men given testosterone treatment who had low basal cortisol showed the opposite pattern (OR = 2.54, 95%CI [1.47, 4.37], p<.001). After providing trial-by-trial feedback, men given testosterone who had high basal cortisol re-entered competitions against low status opponents (prior losers) and avoided competition against high status opponents (prior winners); men given testosterone who had low basal cortisol preferred to re-enter competitions against high status opponents (prior winners) and avoid low status opponents (prior losers; OR = 10.21, [1.84, 56.54], p = .008). These results provide experimental support for a context-dependent dual hormone hypothesis: Testosterone flexibly directs men’s competitive behavior contingent on basal cortisol levels and cues that signal an opponent’s status.

Context-dependent effect of social environment on immune response and sexual signalling in male zebra finches

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
High Status ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sexual Status ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Sexual Signalling ◽  
Context Dependent

Variation in avian immune response can be influenced by social environment. This is of particular interest in the context of immunomediated sexual behaviour because social environment may subsequently affect a bird’s relative investment in immunocompetence versus sexual signalling. I tested whether the effect of social environment on immune response and sexual signalling depends on socio-sexual status using male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). To do this, I manipulated social environment (‘same sex’ versus ‘dual sex’) and socio-sexual status (‘high’ versus ‘low’) of the males. I then determined what effect these manipulations had on an index of immunocompetence, namely cell-mediated immune response, and two indices of sexual signalling (bill colour and song rate). I found that social environment influenced cell-mediated immune response and sexual signalling in low-status males. These males had lower immune responses and increased sexual signalling in the dual-sex environment compared with the same-sex environment. In contrast, high-status males had similar immune responses and sexual signalling regardless of social environment. These results suggest that social environment can influence immune response and sexual signalling; however, the nature of this effect was context-dependent, with low-status males more affected than high-status males.

scholarly journals Context-dependent effects of carotenoid supplementation on reproduction in zebra finches

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirre J.P. Simons ◽  
Michael Briga ◽  
Bas Leenknegt ◽  
Simon Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Carotenoid Supplementation

Forming Impressions of Personality

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Nauts ◽  
Oliver Langner ◽  
Inge Huijsmans ◽  
Roos Vonk ◽  
Daniël H. J. Wigboldus
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Context Dependent

Asch’s seminal research on “Forming Impressions of Personality” (1946) has widely been cited as providing evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect, suggesting that warmth-related judgments have a stronger influence on impressions of personality than competence-related judgments (e.g., Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007 ; Wojciszke, 2005 ). Because this effect does not fit with Asch’s Gestalt-view on impression formation and does not readily follow from the data presented in his original paper, the goal of the present study was to critically examine and replicate the studies of Asch’s paper that are most relevant to the primacy-of-warmth effect. We found no evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect. Instead, the role of warmth was highly context-dependent, and competence was at least as important in shaping impressions as warmth.

Memorial Consequences of Environmental Context Change in Children and Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alp Aslan ◽  
Anuscheh Samenieh ◽  
Tobias Staudigl ◽  
Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Context Change ◽  
Context Dependent

Changing environmental context during encoding can influence episodic memory. This study examined the memorial consequences of environmental context change in children. Kindergartners, first and fourth graders, and young adults studied two lists of items, either in the same room (no context change) or in two different rooms (context change), and subsequently were tested on the two lists in the room in which the second list was encoded. As expected, in adults, the context change impaired recall of the first list and improved recall of the second. Whereas fourth graders showed the same pattern of results as adults, in both kindergartners and first graders no memorial effects of the context change arose. The results indicate that the two effects of environmental context change develop contemporaneously over middle childhood and reach maturity at the end of the elementary school days. The findings are discussed in light of both retrieval-based and encoding-based accounts of context-dependent memory.

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