Group size and social rank predict inhibitory control in spotted hyaenas

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Johnson-Ulrich ◽  
Kay E. Holekamp
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Social Rank

Social behaviour and susceptibility to infection in house mice (Mus musculus): effects of group size, aggressive behaviour and status-related hormonal responses prior to infection on resistance toBabesia microti

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Barnard ◽  
J. M. Behnke ◽  
J. Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection

SummaryAssociations between social rank, immunodepression and resistance toBabesia microtiinfection within single-sex groups of male house mice suggest rank-dependent suites of response involving different hormonal and immune changes in relation to aggressive behaviour and group size prior to infection. Reduced resistance among high-ranking males was associated with increased serum testosterone and corticosterone concentration and reduced serum immunoglobulin, but was independent of group size. Among low-ranking males, hormonal changes were not associated with resistance toB. microtibut changes in corticosterone concentration and measures of immunodepression increased with group size and aggressive behaviour. The results concur with earlier findings suggesting differences between high- and low-ranking mice in their physiological responses to social experience and consequently reduced resistance toB. microtiinfection among high-ranking individuals.

scholarly journals Effects of Reproductive Status, Social Rank, Sex and Group Size on Vigilance Patterns in Przewalski's Gazelle

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e32607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlin Li ◽  
Zhigang Jiang ◽  
Linlin Li ◽  
Zhongqiu Li ◽  
Hongxia Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Reproductive Status

scholarly journals Effect of rank, group size and number of group changes ante partum on the occurrence of milk ejection disorders in primiparous cows – a field study

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-593
Author(s):  
K. Heidig ◽  
S. Geidel ◽  
O. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Rank Group

Abstract. In the present study causes for the development of milk ejection disorders (MED) in primiparous cows of two herds were investigated. We hypothesised that MED are provoked by social problems within the herd that appear close to calving. Data were collected on 67 heifers of herd A and 60 heifers of herd B. In herd A, heifers were introduced into existing groups of cows 2–4 weeks prior to calving. They were kept in a group housing system with deep bedding. All animals were hornless. In herd B, heifers were kept separated from the cows from 2–4 weeks a.p. in a three-row cubicle barn. In contrast to herd A, all animals had horns. The animals´ reactions regarding the milking process and MED were analysed during the first four milkings p.p. We evaluated the correlation between social rank, group size and frequency of group changes in the antepartal period and the occurrence of MED. 12 % of the animals in herd A and 47 % of the animals in herd B showed MED. In herd A, lowranking heifers had significantly more often MED than higher-ranking heifers. A correlation between low rank, increasing strain due to rank order fights and increasing frequency of MED can be assumed here. In herd B, a correlation between stocking rate and frequency of MED could be observed.

Reduction of spermatogonia and testosterone in rat testes flown on space lab-3

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
T. Fast ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Reproductive Maturation ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

An ecological basis for large group size in Colobus angolensis in the Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Fimbel ◽  
Amy Vedder ◽  
Ellen Dierenfeld ◽  
Felix Mulindahabi
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Colobus Angolensis ◽  
Ecological Basis

Rebound acid hypersecretion after ranitidine is not due to impaired inhibitory control

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A158-A158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D GILLEN ◽  
A WIRZ ◽  
K MCCOLL
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Acid Hypersecretion

Do Young Children Modulate Their Cognitive Control?

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solène Ambrosi ◽  
Patrick Lemaire ◽  
Agnès Blaye
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Stroop Tasks ◽  
And Task

Abstract. Dynamic, trial-by-trial modulations of inhibitory control are well documented in adults but rarely investigated in children. Here, we examined whether 5-to-7 year-old children, an age range when inhibitory control is still partially immature, achieve such modulations. Fifty three children took flanker, Simon, and Stroop tasks. Above and beyond classic congruency effects, the present results showed two crucial findings. First, we found evidence for sequential modulations of congruency effects in these young children in the three conflict tasks. Second, our results showed both task specificities and task commonalities. These findings in young children have important implications as they suggest that, to be modulated, inhibitory control does not require full maturation and that the precise pattern of trial-by-trial modulations may depend on the nature of conflict.

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