Social behaviour and susceptibility to infection in house mice (Mus musculus): effects of group size, aggressive behaviour and status-related hormonal responses prior to infection on resistance toBabesia microti

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Barnard ◽  
J. M. Behnke ◽  
J. Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection

SummaryAssociations between social rank, immunodepression and resistance toBabesia microtiinfection within single-sex groups of male house mice suggest rank-dependent suites of response involving different hormonal and immune changes in relation to aggressive behaviour and group size prior to infection. Reduced resistance among high-ranking males was associated with increased serum testosterone and corticosterone concentration and reduced serum immunoglobulin, but was independent of group size. Among low-ranking males, hormonal changes were not associated with resistance toB. microtibut changes in corticosterone concentration and measures of immunodepression increased with group size and aggressive behaviour. The results concur with earlier findings suggesting differences between high- and low-ranking mice in their physiological responses to social experience and consequently reduced resistance toB. microtiinfection among high-ranking individuals.

scholarly journals Social behaviour, stress and susceptibility to infection in house mice (Mus musculus): effects of duration of grouping and aggressive behaviour prior to infection on susceptibility to Babesia microti

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Barnard ◽  
J. M. Behnke ◽  
J. Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Aggressive Interaction ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
High Social Status ◽  
Peak Parasitaemia ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

SUMMARYUnrelated and initially unfamiliar male CFLP mice, maintained for different periods in groups of 6, differed in both their rate of clearance of Babesia microti and the time taken to reach peak parasitaemia in relation to their aggressive behaviour within groups prior to infection. Males maintained in groups for shorter periods and showing more aggression within their group were slower to clear infection and males showing more marked external evidence of aggressive interaction reached a peak of parasitaemia sooner. Serum IgG and corticosterone analyses were consistent with increased aggression causing stress-induced immunodepression but relationships with aggression and social status were not simple. Males showing more aggression tended to enter their groups with higher levels of corticosterone and, to a lesser extent, reduced levels of IgG compared with other mice. The results thus suggest that increased susceptibility to disease may be a cost to males aggressively maintaining high social status.

Effect of social group size on aggressive behaviour between unacquainted domestic pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P Turner ◽  
Graham W Horgan ◽  
Sandra A Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Domestic Pigs

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile of COVID-19 in Brazil and Worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla De Freitas ◽  
Gabriela Calanca ◽  
Elias Jirjoss Ilias ◽  
Arthur Sousa Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health It ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus or SARSCoV-2, has a high capacity for dissemination, which brings about an emergency scenario in public health. It manifests itself in a multifaceted manner, with a great variability in the profile of the affected population, which may be associated with biological, social and economic factors. Objective: To know the epidemiological profile of the population affected by COVID-19, in order to promote better assistance.   Methods: This is a literature review, starting in 2020, using the SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, DATASUS databases and the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).   Results: Studies show a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in men, in the age group after the fourth decade of life and among whites.   Discussion: The first studies showed a prevalence of coronavirus infection in males. One of the hypotheses drawn was that men present more cardiopulmonary diseases and smoke more. Another study shows that women's lower susceptibility to infection is due to the X chromosome and sex hormones, which are essential for the innate and adaptive immune response. As for the age group, most studies show a higher prevalence after the fourth decade of life, due to increased expression of angiotensin 2 receptors (ACE2), hormonal changes in aging and associated comorbidities.   Conclusion: Studies show with greater assertiveness a predominance of involvement by COVID-19 in males, individuals from the fourth decade of life and in whites. However, it is important to investigate the epidemiological profile in order to offer better assistance and prevention.

scholarly journals Determinants Of Dominance, Resting Place And Neighbour Preferences In Wrzosówka Polska Ewes Kept Indoors

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin T. Górecki ◽  
Natalia Dziwińska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
The Social

Abstract The aim of this study was to recognize features determining social hierarchy in Wrzosówka Polska ewes kept indoors as well as to investigate their resting place and companionship preferences. Observations (156 hours in total) were carried out in a group of 22 ewes. The social rank of sheep was determined by their age, body weight and length of horns. Social position was positively correlated with aggressive behaviour performed and negatively with aggressive behaviour received. Use of space while resting was influenced by ewe social behaviour; aggressive individuals lied more often in attractive places, namely against walls and fodder troughs compared to other animals. In general, the ewes rested by having physical contact with animals of similar rank and aggressiveness. Kinship appeared not to be important in neighbour preference. As can be concluded, social interactions influenced the use of space and neighbourhood in ewes

Group size and social rank predict inhibitory control in spotted hyaenas

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Johnson-Ulrich ◽  
Kay E. Holekamp
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Social Rank

Effect of group size on feed intake, aggressive behaviour and growth rate in goat kids and lambs

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Thi Thanh Van ◽  
Nguyen Thi Mui ◽  
Inger Ledin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour

TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CANCER OF THE PROSTATE USING A SLOW-RELEASE (DEPOT) FORMULATION OF THE LHRH AGONIST ICI 118630 (ZOLADEX®)

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. R1-R4 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Walker ◽  
A.O. Turkes ◽  
A. Turkes ◽  
R. Zwink ◽  
C. Beacock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Lhrh Agonist ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Depot Formulation ◽  
Advanced Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Prostate ◽  
Cancer Of The Prostate ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACT Twenty two patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate have been treated for up to 3 months with the slow-release (depot) formulation of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist ICI 118630. Patients were randomized to receive one of three different doses of ICI 118630 of 0·9, 1.8 or 3.6 mg. The depot preparation was injected subcutaneously every 4 weeks. At the highest dose, the concentration of testosterone in serum was significantly reduced to castrate values after 2–3 weeks of therapy. The smaller doses of ICI 118630 (1.8 or 0.9 mg every 4 weeks) similarly reduced serum testosterone concentrations although, at the lowest dose, testosterone values were not suppressed in all patients during the first month. Hormonal changes were accompanied by subjective clinical improvement in symptomatic patients and there were no significant side effects. The data clearly demonstrate the considerable therapeutic potential of ICI 118630 in the depot formulation for the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Trazodone on Male Reproductive System via Disrupting Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis and Inducing Testicular Oxidative Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem Ilgın ◽  
Gözde Aydoğan-Kılıç ◽  
Merve Baysal ◽  
Volkan Kılıç ◽  
Mina Ardıç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sperm Dna Damage

Depression and anxiety are recognized as public health problems. Epidemiological studies have shown that depression and anxiety often occur during reproductive ages between 20 and 60 years of age in males. Trazodone is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Drugs used in repeated doses also play a role in the etiology of infertility. In our study, it was aimed to identify the possible toxic effects of trazodone on male rats and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Vehicle or trazodone (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day) was administered to rats for 28 consecutive days (n=8 per group). At the end of that period, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA damage were determined and testicular morphology was assessed histopathologically in rats. Additionally, we investigated hormonal status by determining serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels and oxidative stress by determining glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in testicular tissue to elucidate mechanisms of possible reproductive toxicity. According to our results, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and normal sperm morphology were decreased; sperm DNA damage was increased in trazodone-administered groups. Degenerative findings on the testicular structure were observed after trazodone administration in rats. Additionally, serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were elevated in the trazodone-administered groups. Increased MDA levels were the signs of enhanced oxidative stress after trazodone administration in testis tissues. Thus, we concluded that trazodone induced reproductive toxicity in male rats; this reproductive toxicity was accompanied by oxidative stress and hormonal changes, which are considered as important causes of reproductive disorders.

scholarly journals Progesterone modulates aggression in sex-role reversed female African black coucals

2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (1638) ◽  
pp. 1053-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Goymann ◽  
Andrea Wittenzellner ◽  
Ingrid Schwabl ◽  
Musa Makomba
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Resource Defence ◽  
Territorial Aggression ◽  
African Black

Testosterone is assumed to be the key hormone related to resource-defence aggression. While this role has been confirmed mostly in the context of reproduction in male vertebrates, the effect of testosterone on the expression of resource-defence aggression in female vertebrates is not so well established. Furthermore, laboratory work suggests that progesterone inhibits aggressive behaviour in females. In this study, we investigated the hormonal changes underlying territorial aggression in free-living female African black coucals, Centropus grillii (Aves; Cuculidae). Females of this sex-role reversed polyandrous bird species should be particularly prone to be affected by testosterone because they aggressively defend territories similar to males of other species. We show, however, that territorial aggression in female black coucals is modulated by progesterone. After aggressive territorial challenges female black coucals expressed lower levels of progesterone than unchallenged territorial females and females without territories, suggesting that progesterone may suppress territorial aggression and is downregulated during aggressive encounters. Indeed, females treated with physiological concentrations of progesterone were less aggressive than females with placebo implants. This is one of the first demonstrations of a corresponding hormone–behaviour interaction under challenged and experimental conditions in free-living females. We anticipate that our observation in a sex-role reversed species may provide a more general mechanism, by which progesterone—in interaction with testosterone—may regulate resource-defence aggression in female vertebrates.

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