A GIS-base exploration of the relationships between open space systems and urban form for the adaptive capacity of cities after an earthquake: The cases of two Chilean cities

Oil resources are finite and production decline is a fact for this century. The question is, why there has been so little policy action? This paper proposes that dealing with the complex changes involved in the transition to oil supply contraction requires new kinds of engineering modeling and analysis. There are no miracle technologies that will mitigate the need for major policy, economic, infrastructure and land use changes. Researchers have the responsibility to develop new methods and tools necessary for policy makers and planners to manage this change in direction. Without the right tools, the policy choice is between denying the problem and hoping for miracles. With the right Transition Engineering tools, the policy choices involve changes in land use, incentives, taxes and investments that efficiently reduce vulnerability and risk, increase adaptive capacity and build resilience. For more than a decade, the research and development program at the Advanced Energy and Material Systems Lab (AEMSLab) has focused on Transition Engineering. The first Transition Engineering project assesses vulnerability and risk to essential activities from oil supply contraction in the near and long term. The risk assessment method employs a probabilistic model of future fuel availability and an impact model of travel behavior adaptation to meet the probable fuel constraint. The second project is to assess travel adaptive capacity of current travel behavior and of the current urban forms using a new kind of travel survey, and to develop adaptation models for different urban development scenarios. Another important analysis is the active mode accessibility of the current urban form. The model uses GIS data and an activity model based on the demographic profile. Future urban form development, technology and infrastructure investments and behavior change are modeled using the strategic analysis method.

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Transformações da metrópole contemporânea: novas dinâmicas espaciais, esfera da vida pública e sistema de espaços livres

Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais ◽

10.22296/2317-1529.2010v12n1p29 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Denio M. Benfatti ◽

Eugenio F. Queiroga ◽

Jonathas M. P. Silva

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Open Space ◽

Public Life ◽

Space Systems ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Metropolitan Growth ◽

Consumption Practices ◽

Flexible Schedules ◽

The One

O trabalho reflete sobre as novas formas de expansão e crescimento metropolitano, associando-as a transformações igualmente importantes na esfera da vida pública. A expressão cotidiana desse processo de expansão e crescimento se deixa transparecer a partir de dois movimentos complementares. De um lado, o aumento em número e extensão dos deslocamentos cotidianos de uma comunidade a outra em um mesmo ambiente metropolitano. De outro, reflete as transformações resultantes do modo de vida metropolitano: horários variáveis e flexíveis, individualização das práticas de produção e consumo. Temos como objeto desta reflexão a Metrópole de Campinas como parte do território metropolitanizado que ocorre no entorno da capital paulista. Nossa hipótese é que essas transformações não se restringem anovas denominações de um processo ampliado de urbanização, mas que essas transformações têm engendrado novos padrões e espaços de sociabilidade e, mais do que isso, um modo de vida e produção específicos. Nesta reflexão, interessa-nos mostrar como essa nova dinâmica afeta a esfera da vida pública e a definição e constituição dos sistemas de espaços livres. Palavras-chave: megalópole; urbanização fragmentada; esfera da vida pública; espaço público; sistema de espaços livres. Abstract: The paper reflects on new forms of metropolitan growth and expansion, associating them with equally significant changes in the sphere of public life. The daily expression of this process of expansion and growth can be perceived through two complementary movements. On the one hand, the growth in number and extent of daily displacements between communities within the same metropolitan area. On the other, reflecting changes in the metropolitan way of life, flexible schedules and individualization of production and consumption practices. Our focus is the metropolis of Campinas as part of the metropolization process that occurs in the vicinity of the capital – São Paulo. Our hypothesis is that these transformations are not restricted to new names for an extended process of urbanization, but that they have generated new patterns and spaces of sociability, and more than that, they have generated a specific ways of life and production. In this reflection, we are interested in showing how this new dynamic affects the sphere of public life and in discussing the definition and constitution of open space systems. Keywords: megalopolis; fragmented urbanization; public life sphere; public space; open space system.

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Sustainable Urban form and challenges of open space utilization, Akure, Nigeria as a case study

International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development ◽

10.1080/19463138.2020.1728691 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 328-339

Author(s):

Michael Oloyede Alabi

Keyword(s):

Urban Form ◽

Open Space ◽

Space Utilization

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Assessing the adaptive capacity of urban form to climate stress: a case study on an urban heat island

Environmental Research Letters ◽

10.1088/1748-9326/aafe27 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 044013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lilai Xu ◽

Shenghui Cui ◽

Jianxiong Tang ◽

Minh Nguyen ◽

Jiahui Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Heat Island ◽

Adaptive Capacity ◽

Urban Form ◽

Heat Island ◽

Climate Stress ◽

Urban Heat

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La periferia en la ciudad alemana: de la ciudad-jardín a la Siedlung moderna

VLC arquitectura Research Journal ◽

10.4995/vlc.2020.10994 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Jorge Bosch Abarca

Keyword(s):

Urban Form ◽

Open Space ◽

Garden City ◽

Postwar Period ◽

Medium Density ◽

Company Town ◽

Housing Shortage ◽

Country House ◽

Urban Forms ◽

German City

This article examines how the most recognisable urban forms of the Siedlung in the first postwar period in Germany were influenced by previous experiences in the construction of the urban periphery involving the company town and the garden city. The adaptation of these peripheral settlements – in which the desired balance between the country house and the urban dwelling was achieved by introducing terraced housing – to meet certain requirements of sufficient density to satisfy the growing demand for small dwellings was to determine the final configuration of the “modern Siedlung,” the settlement characteristic of the expansion of the large German city in the 1920s. An urban form that was to combat the housing shortage problem by providing systematic, medium-density housing groups consisting mainly of linear buildings several storeys high integrated with the open space in a remarkable balance between building and nature. On the basis of original sources from that period, this text addresses noteworthy aspects of this evolution towards a spatial, functional and aesthetic shaping of the collective accommodation characteristic of a Modernist German urbanism which still deserves to be taken into consideration in the current discussion about urban density.

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Intensifying the Grid: A Typology for Medium Density Housing to Accommodate the Changing Demography of Wellington Suburbs

10.26686/wgtn.16998658.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Rose Stiles

Keyword(s):

Urban Form ◽

Open Space ◽

Housing Stock ◽

Urban Morphology ◽

Medium Density ◽

Housing Density ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Local Character ◽

Cyclical Process ◽

Changing Demographics

The combination of an increasing population, changing demographics and an ageing housing stock is driving the need for new and more varied housing types. Attempts to address these concerns have been less than satisfactory, leading to urban sprawl and the destruction of neighbourhood character. Residential intensification is a way of providing new housing while preserving both Wellington's compact urban form and open space. This thesis explores a process to increase housing density in the inner suburbs without a loss of urban form and character. Developed through design led research, the study first identifies those neighbourhoods most suited for intensification as Wellington's historic gridded suburbs. A representative street is then selected, and a strategy for integrating medium-density housing is developed. It then applies the principles in two multi-unit developments to address modern concerns with enhanced liveability and improved connection with private outdoor space. By manipulating the buildings in plan and section, complex internal configurations are possible, resulting in different sizes and types of dwellings, which accommodates varied demographic groups and household sizes. Through the elevation, the designs are then integrated into the local character of the site by reinterpreting the street's context in a contemporary manner. The design resolution was reached through a cyclical process, developing and being tested incrementally. The general principles of the design can be extrapolated and applied to other Wellington gridded neighbourhoods. They can also be applied to other locations with similar urban morphology in other New Zealand and Australian cities.

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Effectiveness of Sustainable Urban Projects in the city of Baghdad

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning ◽

10.36041/iqjap.v9i1.173 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wadhah Abdul sahib Hussein ◽

Zaynab Radi Abaas

Keyword(s):

Urban Form ◽

Open Space ◽

Smart Growth ◽

Local Environment ◽

Growth Strategies ◽

Sustainability Criteria ◽

The One ◽

The Impact ◽

Swot Analyses ◽

The City

This research comes in an attempt to evaluate and compare between the efficiency of a selected sustainable urban projects from Baghdad city (Al Adhamiya and Al Kadhimiya areas) through applying the criteria ofurban sustainability and compared using SWOT analyses model(represents one strong word: S = strengths, W = weaknesses, O = opportunities, T = threats.), this done by examine the most important strategies which targeted to extrapolate the urban form as a vital sustainable structure, and has become a standard which could measure and evaluate the impact of the application for sustainable criteria. These strategies know as Smart Growth Strategies which include, Development, Design, Transportation, Open & Natural Space Protection, Open Space Creation, Sense of Place, and Urban Community Strategies. Here this search tries to extract the most local standards that consistent with the nature and environment of sustainable urban Iraqi projects in general and Baghdad in particular by reviewing the Smart Growth principles and strategies. However, the aim is to determine the effectiveness and the successfulness of the adopted urban projects in Baghdad in applying the urban sustainability criteria in the one hand, and to extract the most important positive points which serve the local environment and utilize them to establish the foundations for possible urban standards adopted in the evaluation of sustainable urban future projects on the others.

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Above the debris

10.26686/wgtn.17067719.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Anthony Mak

Keyword(s):

Urban Form ◽

Open Space ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Economic Resources ◽

Open Spaces ◽

Catastrophic Risk ◽

Space Networks ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Evacuation Routes ◽

Spatial Resources

At an accelerating rate, over half of the world’s population is living in urban centres. The catastrophic risk to environmental, cultural, and economic resources amidst these high concentrations of livelihoods upon the wake of a disaster has the potential to be devastating. A city’s urban form consisting of its open space networks and street structures are important spatial resources that provide affected communities with efficient evacuation routes, assembly areas, temporary market spaces, and room for temporary shelters in the aftermath of a disaster. Open public spaces are especially important during these scenarios as they provide large volumes of space that can be adapted to a variety of different functions. However, these spaces are seldom designed with resilience in mind. This thesis investigates how open spaces are able to contribute to the disaster resiliency of urban centres, ensuring that the needs of the present are in light of the needs of the future.

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