Throughout the ages, the Mediterranean was considered a Roman lake, and historians and travelers have always considered it as such, and its name changed for them. Some of them called it the Roman Sea, while others called it the White Sea, and no one would have imagined that this Roman lake that Roman ships sailed in, and after that it was inherited by the Byzantines. It will become an Islamic lake, including Henry Perrin of England, followed by Christophe Picard, author of the book Bahr al-Khulafa '. The importance of this research lies in introducing the author of the book, Bahr al-Khulafa ', and highlighting the underlying reason for adhering to the theory that the Mediterranean is a Roman Sea, while the objectives of the research come to reveal the invalidity of the theory that historians adhere to the West, which says that trade in the Mediterranean will collapse with the entry of Muslims into it. The most prominent results of the research were the finding that Picard is only one of the Orientalists, who despite his presence in the countries of the East and his calls that he is an Arabist, not an Orientalist, was unable to deny the accusation of Muslims of piracy in the Mediterranean. The two researchers adopted the historical narrative approach with comparison and analysis whenever the need arises
Heatwaves in Kenya 1987–2016: Facts from CHIRTS High Resolution Satellite Remotely Sensed and Station Blended Temperature Dataset