Development and testing of a labeled magnitude scale of perceived satiety

Appetite ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand V. Cardello ◽  
Howard G. Schutz ◽  
Larry L. Lesher ◽  
Ellen Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Scale

The Effect of Odor and Color on Chemical Cooling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pellegrino ◽  
Curtis Luckett
Keyword(s):  
Primary Component ◽  
Magnitude Scale ◽  
Trigeminal System ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Chemical Binding ◽  
Cooling Intensity ◽  
Crossmodal Associations ◽  
First Session

Chemesthesis, along with taste and olfaction, is a primary component of flavor that engages the trigeminal system through specific chemical binding. For instance, many gums or confectionaries incorporate chemical cooling agents, such as Wilkinson Sword (WS) compounds, to create the sensation of coldness. The current study was designed to evaluate crossmodal associations of color and aroma with the chemesthetic perception of cooling. A “minty” and non-odorized set of confectionary stimuli, colored green, blue or white, with moderate cooling properties (with WS-3) were used in this study. In the first session, participants were randomly presented a stimuli and asked to rate several attributes including its cooling intensity on a generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS). In the second session, the same participants were asked to relate cooling levels to different colors and which color relates to the “minty” odor. Additionally, open-ended reasons were given for association choices. Appearance and odor influenced the intensity of cooling sensation. In particular, the odorized and blue samples were rated as cooler than the non-odorized and other colored samples, respectively. The follow-up session confirms blue as a color associated with cooling properties, especially cool objects/abstract concepts. Meanwhile, odor’s enhancement on cooling sensation may be more perceptual in nature through affective matching from enhanced flavor.

Apparent magnitude scale: incandescent lamps

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 055005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulli Chandra Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Scale ◽  
Apparent Magnitude ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

A magnitude scale for local earthquakes in South Australia

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1267-1285
Author(s):  
Ian C. F. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Magnitude Scale ◽  
Source Spectrum ◽  
S Waves ◽  
Scale Parameters ◽  
Local Earthquakes ◽  
Dependent Absorption ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract To minimize dispersion in local magnitude estimates due to different instrumental bandwidths, a scale has been established to allow for the average source spectrum, geometrical attenuation, and frequency-dependent absorption. The data used to derive the scale parameters were from S waves recorded in South Australia from 1967 through 1970, in the frequency range 1 to 10 Hz, and for epicentral distances up to 5°. The magnitudes were mainly in the range 1.5 to 3.5. The local scale MN is given by M N = 4.85 + log A g + 0.84 log Δ + 0.0003 f Δ / 2.3 − 2.89 log f + 2.45 ( log f ) 2 + c where Ag mm is the ground amplitude at f Hz at Δ km epicentral distance, and c is a station correction. The dispersion in observations of magnitude has probably been reduced by use of the scale to near the theoretical limits, allowing for possible source radiation patterns. The relationship of the scale to other measures of magnitude is uncertain, but MN may be approximately equivalent to the local Richter magnitude ML for the magnitude range (1.5 < ML < 3.5) commonly observed in South Australia. The scle is limited in use to data in the ranges given above, for local earthquakes in South Australia. Modification is necessary before such a magnitude scale can be applied elsewhere or to different data ranges.

Magnitude-frequency relations for northeastern Japan

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1506
Author(s):  
Norihito Umino ◽  
I. Selwyn Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Wave ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Magnitude Scale ◽  
Benioff Zone ◽  
Earthquake Occurrence ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Velocity Amplitude ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
Northeastern Japan

Abstract Magnitude-frequency relations are investigated for the on-land area, covered by the Tohoku University seismic network, northeastern Japan. We combine the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) catalog with the Tohoku University catalog for the crustal events. The suite for the upper plane events of the double-planed Wadati-Benioff zone, from 60 km through 100 km deep, is based on the Tohoku University catalog only. Completeness analyses of the catalog reveal that the crustal events and the upper plane events suite is complete down to magnitude 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. Including events only with magnitude above the completeness threshold, the magnitude-frequency relations are found to be nonlinear both for the crustal events slightly and the upper plane events strongly. Consistency between total seismic wave duration magnitudes and velocity amplitude magnitudes suggests that the magnitude scale in the catalog is nonbiased. The completeness analyses and the non-biased magnitude scale suggest that the nonlinear magnitude-frequency relations are not artificial but substantial features of the earthquake occurrence.

Short-period Lg magnitudes: Instrument, attenuation, and source effects

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (6A) ◽  
pp. 1835-1850
Author(s):  
Robert B. Herrmann ◽  
Andrzej Kijko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Magnitude Scale ◽  
Source Effects ◽  
Anelastic Attenuation ◽  
Basic Conclusion ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The applicaton of the Nutli (1973) definition of the mbLg magnitude to instruments and wave periods other than the short-period WWSSN seismograph is examined. The basic conclusion is that the Nuttli (1973) definition is applicable to a wider range of seismic instruments if the log10(A/T) term is replaced by log10A. For consistency and precision, the notation mbLg should be applied only to magnitudes based upon 1.0 Hz observations. The mbLg magnitude definition was constrained to be consistent with teleseismic P-wave mb estimates from four Central United States earthquakes. In general, for measurements made at a frequency f, the notation mLg(f) should be used, where m L g ( f ) = 2.94 + 0.833 log ⁡ 10 ( r / 10 ) + 0.4342 γ r + log ⁡ 10 A , and r is the epicentral distance in kilometers, γ is the coefficient of anelastic attenuation, and A is the reduced ground amplitude in microns. Given its stability when estimated from different instruments, the mLg(f) magnitude is an optimum choice for an easily applied, standard magnitude scale for use in regional seismic studies.

scholarly journals A coda-length magnitude scale for some Mexican stations

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
M. Macias
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Scale

Se desarrolla una escala empírica de magnitud de coda pare algunas estaciones mexicanas de período corto, usando una regresión de mínimos cuadrados de mb versus log10T, donde T as la duración de la coda en segundos. Se usaron un total 61 eventos, con un rango de magnitud entre 4.0 y 5.8 y registrados en 12 estaciones o menos. Sc obtuvo la siguiente relaci6n promedio Mc= 1.59+ 2.40xlog10T+ 0.00046xD donde Mc es la magnitud de coda y D la distancia epicentral en km. Además, para 12 estaciones se calculó una correcci6n que se adiciona a la magnitud calculada con la relaci6n promedio.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document