incandescent lamps
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2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-225
Author(s):  
Nelson Manuel Alfredo Chapala ◽  
Cirio Muarapaz ◽  
Genito A. Maúre

The excessive use of incandescent lamps is one of the main factors in the low energy efficiency of the residential sector in Mozambique. To remedy this situation, some countries are banning the import and sale of incandescent lamps in their markets. The article reviews the status of implementation of these actions worldwide and the challenges for Mozambique. The data is drawn from existing literature on the topic under discussion and selected according to purpose. The literature indicates that Mozambique has a program to promote energy efficient incandescent lamps, but the level of its implementation is still very low. Regarding the implementation of the policy to ban incandescent lamps, it was found that the barriers are universal, namely the lack of funding to support the policy actions, the high price of marketing energy efficient lamps, the deficit and doubtful quality of efficient lamps and the little knowledge of consumers and decision makers about the advantages of using energy efficient lamps. However, these data lead us to conclude that it is premature to think about the implementation of the policy to ban the import and sale of incandescent lamps in Mozambique, as there are actions that should be prioritized at this time, namely, the promotion of low consumption lamps, the dissemination of measures for the rational use of electricity in buildings, consumer awareness, the adoption of labels on household appliances and the drafting of specific legislation.


Author(s):  
N. Pishchanska ◽  
◽  
V. Belchenko ◽  
V. Targony

Abstract. Energy-efficient systems that will enable the implementation of abiotic conditions - important components of adaptive technologies, such as air temperature, relative humidity, air mobility, lighting levels, etc., must meet the requirements of environmental friendliness and minimize economic and energy costs. This requires the use of modern energy efficient technologies, equipment and devices. The purpose of the research is the development of a system for providing abiotic factors in the implementation of adaptive technologies for crops of guaranteed quality, characterized by resource savings and environmental safety. Methods. Analysis of the introduction of technologies and equipment in the process of cultivation of uterine entomocultures, which will increase the efficiency of technological processes of entomoproduction production. Results. The key abiotic factors in adaptive technologies of cultivation of uterine cultures are determined. Technologies, equipment and devices for their provision are studied and the initial requirements to the energy efficient systems consisting of them are formed. Conclusions. The analysis showed the advantages of using film contact devices and ultrasonic ones for energy treatment in adaptive technologies of cultivation of uterine entomocultures in terms of energy efficiency by almost 20% and efficiency by 15%. To ensure the required type and level of lighting, it is recommended to use incandescent lamps and LED lamps. Nozzles with nozzles and perforated panels are defined as distributive elements for air supply, which will almost double the efficiency of using the potential of the air prepared by the microclimate system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Mochamad Ilham Zamzami ◽  
Eka Prasetyono ◽  
Dimas Okky Anggriawan ◽  
Mike Yuliana

Advances in technology have caused the use of electricity to increase rapidly. With advances in technology, this is followed by the use of increasingly efficient electrical components or equipment. This more efficient electrical equipment causes the impedance of the component to be smaller, causing a surge in current when it is turned on. This current surge, if not followed by appropriate safety precautions, will be damage other components. Each load has different waveform characteristics and current transient peaks. For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the transient condition of a load to overcome this. This paper will explain the characteristics of the inrush current of the load due to ignition. There are three loads used in this study, namely resistive, capacitive and inductive loads. Then the use of this load is simulated by giving different ignition angle values, namely 0, 60, and 90 degrees. The analysis used is the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method which is a derivative of the Discrete Fourier Transform. The inrush current spectrum in this simulation is simulated using Simulink MATLAB with switching system modeling using TRIAC. This inrush current simulation data collection uses a sampling frequency of 100 Khz and will be analyzed in the first of 5 cycles. For each load in this paper, the harmonic values for each ignition angle will be presented. The simulation results show that the inrush current is caused by the ignition angle value used and because of components that can deviate energy such as inductors and capacitors as well as components which at the time of starting have a low impedance value such as incandescent lamps. The simulation also shows that the use of switching components for setting the ignition angle causes an increase in the value of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) but the peak current in the first cycle when the ignition angle is set decreases.


Author(s):  
Jumaidi Jamal ◽  
Thamrin Thamrin

Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat sistem kontrol suhu, kelembaban, dan kadar kualitas udara pada kandang ayam broiler dengan sistem closed house yang berbasis teknologi Internet of Things (IoT). Sistem ini dirancang untuk mengontrol suhu dan kelembaban kandang ayam broiler yang dapat dimonitoring secara real time melalui sebuah platform digital pada smartphone. Metode pembuatan alat dimulai dengan merancang diagram blok, memilih spesifikasi komponen berdasarkan diagram blok, pembuatan diagram alir, mengintegrasikan hardware, dan pemograman sistem. Output sistem dilengkapi dengan komponen yang berfungsi untuk mengendalikan kondisi di dalam kandang ayam broiler seperti lampu pijar, kipas, dan pompa air. Lampu pijar digunakan sebagai pemanas ruangan yang akan meningkatkan suhu di dalam kandang. Kipas digunakan untuk menjaga sirkulasi udara di dalam kandang. Pompa air digunakan untuk mengalirkan air pada jaring-jaring agar menghasilkan uap air untuk melembabkan udara di dalam kandang. Sistem dibuat berbasis Internet of Things (IoT), artinya sistem terhubung ke internet menggunakan modul ESP8266 dan mikrokontroler Arduino Nano. Sistem mengakses data sensor dari web Firebase yang kemudian ditampilkan dalam bentuk angka pada sebuah aplikasi smartphone sebagai sarana untuk memonitoring kandang ayam. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang telah dibuat mampu menjaga suhu dan kelembaban di dalam kandang ayam sesuai dengan kondisi ideal ayam broiler.Kata kunci : Closed House, DHT22, MQ-135, NodeMCU ESP8266, Firebase.  This study aims to create a control system for temperature, humidity, and air quality levels in broiler chicken coops with a closed house system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This system is designed to control the temperature and humidity of broiler chicken coops which can be monitored in real time via a digital platform on a smartphone. The method of making the tool begins with designing block diagrams, selecting component specifications based on block diagrams, making flow diagrams, integrating hardware, and system programming. The system output is equipped with components that function to control conditions in the broiler chicken coop such as incandescent lamps, fans, and water pumps. Incandescent lamps are used as space heaters which will increase the temperature in the cage. Fans are used to maintain air circulation in the cage. A water pump is used to circulate water in the nets to produce water vapor to humidify the air in the cage. The system is made based on the Internet of Things (IoT), meaning that the system is connected to the internet using the ESP8266 module and the Arduino Nano microcontroller. The system accesses sensor data from the Firebase web which is then displayed in the form of numbers on a smartphone application as a means to monitor chicken coops. The test results show that the system that has been made is able to maintain the temperature and humidity in the chicken coop in accordance with the ideal conditions of broiler chickens.Keywords: Closed House, DHT22, MQ-135, NodeMCU ESP8266, Firebase.


2021 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  

The article presents the stages and results of the combined blackout system development for military automotive vehicles. The relevance of generation changing of devices based on the blackout attachments for lighting and light alarm devicesis due to the entry into force of new regulatory requirements. The problem is solved by integrating the well-known principles of blackout into the design of light-signal devices based on LED light sources. The article shows the fundamental difference in the approaches to substantiate the requirements for devices based on incandescent lamps and LEDs. The examples of practical implementation of the developed system are given. Keywords: lighting and light alarm devices, internal lighting, blackout system, blackout modes, centralized control, incandescent lamp, LED


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Onofrio Davide Palmitessa ◽  
Marco Antonio Pantaleo ◽  
Pietro Santamaria

High-tech greenhouses and artificial light applications aim to improve food production, in line with one of the sustainable development goals of the UN Agenda 2030, namely, “zero hunger”. In the past, the incandescent lamps have been used for supplementary lighting (SL) at higher latitudes to increase greenhouse production during the dark season. Light-emitting diodes (LED) have been replacing gas discharge and incandescent lamps, and their development is expanding SL applications in different agricultural scenarios (e.g., urban farming, middle latitudes). In fact, recent research on LED applications in Mediterranean greenhouses have produced encouraging results. Since middle latitudes have a higher daily light integral (DLI) than higher latitudes in the dark season and climate conditions influence the installed power load of greenhouses, LED installation and management in Mediterranean greenhouses should be different and less expensive in terms of investment and energy consumption. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to outline the state of the art in LED applications and development, with a focus on latitude-related requirements. Tomato was used as a representative crop.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalendro Mataram ◽  
Muhammad Dimas Adjie ◽  
Anis Nurrohkayati

Drying is a mandatory process carried out after harvest or production. Direct drying is a traditional method that is still used today, but this method has drawbacks because it depends on the weather. Pests, the rainy season, and at night are obstacles experienced in this process. This dryer can help solve common solutions for manufacturers. A dryer coated with clear acrylic it can protect the produce from rain, dust, and pests. The solar panel functions as a power source for the temperature controller in the dryer. 40-50 C is the right temperature when drying, it is not recommended that temperatures exceed 50 because it can cause dry food ingredients outside. Incandescent lamps and mini fans are temperature control devices to stabilize the temperature inside with temperatures of 40 ̊ to 50 C. Incandescent lamps also allow manufacturers to dry at night so that the drying process can be shorter than usual. The result found by the dryer is that it has a cross-sectional area of ​​2100 cm2 with a maximum capacity of 13 pieces with a diameter of 7 cm. The drying rate with the sun reaches 0.6% per hour, and the energy needed by the sun for 10 hours of drying is 36288 kJ. The power that can be produced by solar panels is 100 watts with the electrical energy needed for 10 hours of drying with a controller of 3600J.


Author(s):  
E. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
N. P. Nesterkina ◽  
Yu. A. Zhuravleva ◽  
S. A. Mikaeva

The article provides a technical and economic comparison of costs when covering 10 classrooms of a general educational institution with LED and fluorescent lamps for a period of 10 years. The main advantage of led light sources is the high level of light output compared to traditional light sources. Replacing incandescent lamps and gas-discharge ICS with led ICS can significantly reduce energy costs. Currently, led ICS are increasingly replacing traditional ICS due to their high energy efficiency and safety. For comparison, luminescent lamps LVO04-4x14-031 and LED lamps DVO12-45-003 produced by JSC “Ardatovsky lighting plant” with a comparable light flux and light distribution were selected. The number of lamps in the 65 m2 auditorium was chosen based on the normalized illumination of 500 Lux on a horizontal work surface (0.8 m). The calculation of the number of lamps that meet all the requirements for lighting in General and higher educational institutions was carried out in the DiaLux 4.13 program. According to preliminary calculations, lighting with led lamps will reduce energy costs over 10 years by 2.16 times compared to fluorescent lamps. The maximum expenses are spent on the purchase of new led lamps. This is mainly due to the higher price of led lighting devices compared to fluorescent ones.


Author(s):  
Stephen R. Wilk

With the rapid development of many new and varied sources of light in the 19th century—Argand lamps of different designs and which burned various fuels, Carcel lamps, stearin candles, paraffin candles, and spermaceti candles, electric arc lamps, Drummond lamps, incandescent lamps with various filaments, Nernst glowbars, and many others —some method was needed to compare their output. But with the sources varying in spectral content and the angular distribution of the light, how could a meaningful comparison be made? After various fruitless attempts were made to concentrate the light onto a uniform region a surprisingly simple solution was proposed.


Author(s):  
G.I. Smelkov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Pekhotikov ◽  
A.I. Ryabikov ◽  
A.A. Nazarov ◽  
...  

The relevance of the publication is related to the high fire hazard of lighting products. Based on the analysis of fire statistics in the Russian Federation, it is shown that the lamps occupy the fifth place among all the types of electrical installations in terms of the number of fires, direct material damage from them, as well as the number of people perished. At the same time, the number of fires at storage facilities from electrical equipment for the period 2010–2019 is about 39 %, of which the lamps account for a third of all fires. One of the significant objective reasons for such unfavorable statistics is the large number of luminaires in operation at the facilities, as well as their wide assortment and many types of design on the application area. The article summarizes the experience of recent work carried out in the field of fire hazard research of various types of lamps used for the warehouse lighting in particular, the lamps with fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps, LED lamps and high-pressure gas discharge lamps. The physical and technical causes and possible mechanisms of ignition of these electrical products are shown. As a result of the conducted research on the example of the two most common types of lamps used in the storage facilities (with incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps) a method for calculating the probability of fires from these products is proposed, which is fully consistent with the requirements of the current GOST 12.1.004—91 and becomes particularly relevant in the development of standards regulating fire-fighting requirements for lamps instead of GOST 17677—82, which became invalid in the Russian Federation in 2020.


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