Associations of preschoolers’ dietary patterns with eating behaviors and parental feeding practices at a 12-month follow-up of obesity treatment

Previous findings suggest that parental feeding practices may adapt to children’s eating behavior and sex, but few studies assessed these associations in toddlerhood. We aimed to study the associations between infant’s appetite or children’s genetic susceptibility to obesity and parental feeding practices. We assessed infant’s appetite (three-category indicator: low, normal or high appetite, labelled 4-to-24-month appetite) and calculated a combined obesity risk-allele score (genetic risk score of body mass index (BMI-GRS)) in a longitudinal study of respectively 1358 and 932 children from the EDEN cohort. Parental feeding practices were assessed at 2-year-follow-up by the CFPQ. Three of the five tested scores were used as continuous variables; others were considered as binary variables, according to the median. Associations between infant’s appetite or child’s BMI-GRS and parental feeding practices were assessed by linear and logistic regression models, stratified on child’s sex if interactions were significant. 4-to-24-month appetite was positively associated with restrictive feeding practices among boys and girls. Among boys, high compared to normal 4-to-24-month appetite was associated with higher use of food to regulate child’s emotions (OR [95% CI] = 2.24 [1.36; 3.68]). Child’s BMI-GRS was not related to parental feeding practices. Parental feeding practices may adapt to parental perception of infant’s appetite and child’s sex.

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Sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural risk factors for ultra-processed food consumption in a sample of 2–9-year-olds in Brazil

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017002452 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 77-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Laís Amaral Mais ◽

Sarah Warkentin ◽

Juliana Bergamo Vega ◽

Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre ◽

Susan Carnell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Weight Status ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Food Group ◽

Processed Food ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental Feeding Practices ◽

Parental Feeding

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to identify food patterns among 2–9-year-olds and investigate sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural predictors of less healthy dietary patterns.DesignCross-sectional study. Parents of 2–9-year-olds completed an FFQ and factor analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns. Parents also completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural characteristics of parents and children, including parental feeding practices.SettingParticipants were recruited from private schools of Campinas and São Paulo, SP, Brazil, between April and June 2014.SubjectsParents of 2–9-year-olds (n 929).ResultsTwo dietary patterns emerged: ‘traditional food’ and ‘ultra-processed food’. Lower maternal education (OR=2·05, P=0·010) and higher maternal weight status (OR=1·43, P=0·044) were associated with a greater likelihood of the ultra-processed food pattern. Lower perceived parental responsibility for adequacy of food group intake (OR=2·41, P=0·020), and lower scores on the parental feeding practices of ‘Healthy Eating Guidance’ (OR=1·83, P<0·001) and ‘Monitoring’ (OR=2·52, P<0·001), were also associated with the presence of this pattern, as was higher child’s screen use during mealtimes (OR=1·61, P=0·004).ConclusionsThe present study is the first to evaluate associations between less healthy dietary patterns of Brazilian 2–9-year-olds and parental feeding practices. Our findings highlight sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural factors within families that could be used to target tailored policies to at-risk populations.

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Does exposure to controlling parental feeding practices during adolescence predict disordered eating behaviors 8 years later in emerging adulthood?

Pediatric Obesity ◽

10.1111/ijpo.12709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Vivienne M. Hazzard ◽

Katie A. Loth ◽

Jerica M. Berge ◽

Nicole I. Larson ◽

Jayne A. Fulkerson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽

Parental Feeding Practices ◽

Parental Feeding

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Emotion regulation difficulties strengthen relationships between perceived parental feeding practices and emotional eating: Findings from a cross-sectional study

10.31219/osf.io/wrhy6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wesley R. Barnhart ◽

Abby Braden ◽

Lauren Ann Dial

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental Feeding Practices ◽

Unhealthy Eating ◽

Parental Feeding

Background: People with emotional eating (EE) may experience weight gain and obesity, eating disorder psychopathology, and emotion dysregulation. Limited research has examined experiences in childhood that may be associated with EE in adulthood. Perceived parental feeding practices and emotion regulation difficulties were examined as correlates of negative and positive EE in adulthood. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online community sample of adults (N = 258) examined self-reported negative (Emotional Eating Scale-Revised; EE-anger/anxiety, EE-boredom, and EE-depression) and positive (Emotion Appetite Questionnaire; EE-positive) EE, perceived parental feeding practices (Child Feeding Questionnaire), and emotion regulation difficulties (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale). Results: Moderation analyses calculated in PROCESS macro examined emotion regulation difficulties as a moderator of relationships between perceived parental feeding practices and EE. Across all models tested, age, BMI, and gender were entered as covariates. Higher perceptions of parental control (monitoring and restriction) of unhealthy eating behaviors and pressure to eat were more strongly associated with EE-anger/anxiety and EE-positive when emotion regulation difficulties were high. Higher perceptions of parental restriction of unhealthy eating behaviors and pressure to eat were more strongly associated with higher EE-boredom when emotion regulation difficulties were high. No significant interactions between perceived parental feeding practices and emotion regulation difficulties emerged in relation to EE-depression. Conclusions: Perceived controlling parental feeding practices and emotion regulation difficulties may explain meaningful variance in negative and positive EE in adulthood.

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Does Examining the Childhood Food Experiences Help to Better Understand Food Choices in Adulthood?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030983 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 983

Author(s):

Aleksandra Małachowska ◽

Marzena Jeżewska-Zychowicz

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Food Reward ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Food Choices ◽

Parental Feeding Practices ◽

Parental Feeding ◽

Child Control

Impact of parental feeding practices on children’s eating behaviors is well-documented in the literature. Nevertheless, little is known about how many of these behaviors might persist into adulthood. There is a lack of a tool measuring childhood feeding experiences recollected by adults, while the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) is used to measure parental feeding practices applied towards children. The aim of the study was to adapt the CFPQ to measure adults’ recollections of their childhood (5–10 years old) feeding experiences, to examine its discriminant validity and then to assess if these practices are related to adults’ food choices. In 2020, the modified version of CFPQ (mCFPQ) and questions on current food consumption were administered in a group of 500 adults twice over a two-week interval. The analysis included 443 participants whose questionnaires were correctly completed in both stages of the study. The Q-sorting procedure was used to test for discriminant validity of the questionnaire, i.e., confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach’s alpha, correlations coefficients, and the analysis of the differences between groups according to the intake of certain food products. Test–retest reliability was examined by calculating interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for each obtained factor. As a result of EFA, five subscales were identified: “Restrictions”, “Healthy Eating Guidance”, “Pressure and Food Reward”, “Monitoring”, and “Child Control”. Items from these subscales created a new tool—Adults’ Memories of Feeding in Childhood (AMoFiC). Test for internal consistency, factor correlations, and discriminant validity proved satisfactory psychometric parameters of AMoFiC. “Pressure and Food Reward” and “Child Control” were associated with higher intake of sweets and salty snacks, whereas “Healthy Eating Guidance”, “Monitoring”, and “Restrictions” were associated with higher consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. Despite the fact that the AMoFiC questionnaire requires further research, the findings of the study might be of practical use in counseling addressed to the parents.

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Technology at Mealtimes: Exploring the Relationship between Parental Feeding Practices, Technology Use and Child Eating Behavior

10.30707/etd2017.gramm.m ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Moriah Gramm

Keyword(s):

Eating Behavior ◽

Technology Use ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Parental Feeding Practices ◽

Parental Feeding ◽

Child Eating ◽

The Relationship

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Child weight and parental feeding practices: a child-responsive model

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-08-2014-0074 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 174-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elisabeth Lind Melbye ◽

Håvard Hansen

Keyword(s):

Weight Status ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Mediating Effects ◽

Parental Concern ◽

Content Type ◽

Parental Feeding Practices ◽

Child Weight ◽

Parental Feeding ◽

Wide Range

Purpose – The majority of previous studies on parental feeding practices have focused on the effect of controlling feeding strategies on child eating and weight (i.e. parental influence on children). The present study turns the arrow in the opposite direction, and it aims to test a child-responsive model by exploring the process in which child weight status might influence parental feeding practices, addressing potential mediating effects of parental concern for child weight (i.e. child influence on parents). Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional survey was performed among parents of 10- to 12-year olds (n = 963). The survey questionnaire included measures of parental feeding practices and parents’ reports of child weight and height. Stepwise regressions were performed to reveal potential mediating effects of parental concern for child weight status on the associations between child BMI and a wide range of parental feeding practices. Findings – Our results suggest a mediating effect of parental concern for child overweight on the associations between child body mass index and controlling feeding practices such as restriction for weight and health purposes and responsibility for determining child portion sizes. Originality/value – This study provides an extension of previous research on parental feeding–child weight relationship. It includes a wider spectrum of feeding variables, and integrates parental concern for both child who is overweight and child who is underweight as potential mediators of the associations between child weight and parental feeding practices. Moreover, it has its focus on preadolescent children, while previous studies have focused on infants and young children.

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