Student Motivation in Online English Learning

This study aims to discover and describe the condition of the motivational object experienced by students in online English learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in Yogyakarta in the even learning year 2020/2021. Sampling was done using a purposive sampling technique, and four classes were obtained, each of which there was 32 students, with the total number of samples being 128 students. Data collection techniques in this study are by distributing questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The questionnaire was made using google forms. Data analysis calculated the percentage of each category indicator and learning motivation aspect, from which the data percentage score was interpreted, and each indicator was analyzed in depth. The results of this study indicate that the learning motivation of students in Yogyakarta in the even semester is in the odd category. This can be seen from the moderate category, as many as 72 students out of 128 students, while from the motivational presentation score with the highest ARSC aspect, the satisfaction aspect is 28%. This research is expected to evaluate various parties involved in organizing online learning in universities so that the implementation is more optimal.

Associations between Children’s Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity, Infant’s Appetite and Parental Feeding Practices in Toddlerhood

Previous findings suggest that parental feeding practices may adapt to children’s eating behavior and sex, but few studies assessed these associations in toddlerhood. We aimed to study the associations between infant’s appetite or children’s genetic susceptibility to obesity and parental feeding practices. We assessed infant’s appetite (three-category indicator: low, normal or high appetite, labelled 4-to-24-month appetite) and calculated a combined obesity risk-allele score (genetic risk score of body mass index (BMI-GRS)) in a longitudinal study of respectively 1358 and 932 children from the EDEN cohort. Parental feeding practices were assessed at 2-year-follow-up by the CFPQ. Three of the five tested scores were used as continuous variables; others were considered as binary variables, according to the median. Associations between infant’s appetite or child’s BMI-GRS and parental feeding practices were assessed by linear and logistic regression models, stratified on child’s sex if interactions were significant. 4-to-24-month appetite was positively associated with restrictive feeding practices among boys and girls. Among boys, high compared to normal 4-to-24-month appetite was associated with higher use of food to regulate child’s emotions (OR [95% CI] = 2.24 [1.36; 3.68]). Child’s BMI-GRS was not related to parental feeding practices. Parental feeding practices may adapt to parental perception of infant’s appetite and child’s sex.

Ta-Marbuta as Grammatical and Semantic Indicator: Harf or Affix?

The article discusses the functional significance of such a graphic embodiment of the letter ta as ta-marbuta (ta-linked), which is not available in the Arabic alphabet. Traditionally included in Arabic studies in the phonetics-graphic section as a phenomenon specific to writing and reading rules, as well as a narrow grammar paragraph related to the female category indicator, ta-marbuta, as follows from the semantic comparison of the Arabic words selected by us, which in their own way morphological composition differ only in the presence of this affix, performs a more complex role in the language. The question is raised about the correctness of the name of ta-marbuta by letter (harf) or affix, the characteristics of which are inherent in it. The wide range of uses of ta-marbuta as a feminine affix, uniqueness affinity, substantiation, etc., as well as open and systematized semantic distinguishing shades of words with the same basis with ta-marbuta and without it, allow us to say that this affix has to be established as multifunctional and operates at various levels of the language - from morphology to semantics. Based on an analysis of the vast material, conclusions are drawn about the high productivity of ta-marbuta as an inflectional and word-formation formant, which allows transmitting a number of qualifying values, and not just a female affix. The lists of words that participate in word formation along with this affix are clarified - masdars of certain types of the verb, collective names, relative adjectives, less often high-quality adjectives, etc. All this ultimately speaks of the Arabic as a modern and developed language that can convey the most subtle semantic nuances, as well as having great potential for the formation of new lexical units.

Environmental Profile and Technological Validation of New High-Tg Unsaturated Polyesters from Fully Bio-Based Monomers and Reactive Diluents

This study was focused on the synthesis and characterization of a fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with good thermal properties suitable for the commercial production of composite polymers. UPRs based on different ratios of bio-based furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), itaconic acid, and diols were synthesized. The unsaturated polymers prepared were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results showed positive effects of FDCA on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of these fully bio-based polyesters, especially when FDCA was combined with 1,2-propanediol. Optimal values of Tg were obtained in the range of 30–32 °C for UPRs synthesized starting with a higher concentration of FDCA in the monomer feed. The possibility of substituting styrene, which usually acts as a reactive diluent, with a greener and safer alternative during the crosslinking of UPRs, was also explored. Two bio-based reactive diluents were considered: dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and butanediol dimethacrylate. After crosslinking, an average Tg of 75 °C and a good crosslinking efficiency indicated by a gel content of 90% were achieved for the fully bio-based polyester obtained under milder reaction conditions and dilution with DMI. Life cycle assessment was performed on selected UPRs, and comparison with a reference fossil-based resin in terms of the calculated category indicator results confirmed the lower environmental impact of the newly prepared bio-based polyesters.

Analisis Hubungan Penguasaan Kosakata dan Kemampuan Memahami Unsur Intrinsik Cerpen Siswa SMP di Kota Kendari

This research problem is how is the relation between vocabulary mastery and short story intrinsical components comprehension ability of VIII grade students in Kendari City. The research is aimed to describe how vocabulary mastery and comprehending short story intrinsical components ability and how the relationship between both of them by the students. This research used statistic method. Data was analyzed descriptive-quantitatively and parametric-quantitatively by using Product Moment Correlation and Linear Regression. After doing descriptive-quantitative analysis, in order to understand the relationship intervariabel, then was conducted correlation test. Result of this research shows that vocabulary mastery have average values 8,84 (48%) which included in medium category. Vocabulary mastery indicator which have most prominent contribution is words comprehending that has pejorative-amelirative meaning, extension-constriction meaning by average value 2,75 (32,7%). Meanwhile, comprehending short story intrinsical components ability has average value 10,42 (45,25), which included generally in medium category. Indicator of comprehending short story intrinsical components ability which have most prominent contribution is figure and characterization by average value 3,23 (44,25%). Vocabulary mastery has positive and significant correlation with comprehending short story intrinsical components ability of SMP students at value rxy= 0,359 >rtable = 0,250 and value of Sig (ρ)<a = 0,05, and txy = 14,246 >ttable = 1,645 dan value of Sig (ρ)<a = 0,05. Contribution value vocabulary mastery (X) toward comprehending short story intrinsical components ability (Y) is 12,9%, and the rest, is influenced by other factors that are not related with this research. ABSTRAKPermasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana hubungan penguasaan kosakata dengan kemampuan memahami unsur intrinsik VIII SM di Kota Kendari. Dengan demikian, tujuannya adalah mendeskripsikan penguasaan kosakata dan kemampuan memahami unsur intrinsik cerpen dan memperlihatkan ada atau tidak adanya hubungan antara penguasaan kosakata dengan kemampuan memahami unsur intrinsik cerpen siswa. Penelitian menggunakan metode statistik. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif deskriptif dan kuantitatif parametris dengan menggunakan uji Korelasi Product Moment dan Regresi Linear. Setelah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, dilakukan tahap uji korelasi untuk mengetahui hubungan antarvariabel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan kosakata siswa SMP memiliki nilai rata-rata 8,84 (48%) yang masuk dalam kategori sedang. Indikator penguasaan kosakata yang paling menonjol memberikan kontribusi ialah memahami kata yang mengalami ameliorasi-peyorasi, perluasan-penyempitan dengan nilai rata-rata 2,75 (32,7%). Sementara, kemampuan memahami unsur intrinsik cerpen siswa SMP memiliki nilai rata-rata 10,42 (45,25), pada umumnya termasuk kategori sedang. Indikator kemampuan memahami unsur intrinsik cerpen yang paling menonjol memberikan kontribusi ialah indikator memahami tokoh dan penokohan dalam cerpen dengan nilai rata-rata 3,23 (44,25%). Penguasaan kosakata memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan kemampuan memahami unsur intrinsik cerpen pada siswa SMP kelas VIII di Kota Kendari, dengan nilai rhitung = 0,359 >rtabel = 0,250 dan nilai Sig (ρ)<a = 0,05, dan thitung = 14,246 >ttabel = 1,645 dan nilai Sig (ρ)<a = 0,05. Besarnya kontribusi penguasaan kosakata (X) terhadap kemampuan memahami unsur intrinsik cerpen (Y) siswa SMP adalah 12,9%, dan selebihnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak terkait dengan penelitian ini.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF DAN KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA MATERI SISTEM EKSKRESI DI SMA NEGERI 1 KARANG BARU

This study aims to determine students' learning difficulties in the excretory system material in terms of cognitive aspects and learning indicators as well as the factors causing student learning difficulties in class XI IPA 1 Karang Baru at the year learning 2017/2018. The research design used is quantitative descriptive. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with a total of 95 students. The technique of data collection used diagnostic and questionnaire tests. The results showed that the percentage of students' learning difficulties from the highest to the lowest on the cognitive aspects they are C6, C4, C5, C3, C1 and C2 of 47.37%,for amount 46.5%, 46.00%, 39.61%, 34.74 % and 26.53%. The percentage of student learning difficulties based on indicators on the excretion system material are indicator 1 amount 28.95% medium category, indicator 2 amount 46.02% of very high category, indicator 3 amount 39.89% of high category and indicator 4 amount 42.32% of category high. Internal and external factors that cause the learning difficulties of learning difficulties from the highest to the lowest percentage are family (63,15%), interest (63,02%), school (63,00%), psychology (46,57%), teaching methods (45,21%), material (44,42%), motivation (44,21%), media (44,21%), teachers (44,12%) and health (44,03%).Keywords: Cognitive Aspects, Learning Indicators, Learning Difficulties, Excretion Systems