scholarly journals Unpalatable truths: Commitment to eating meat is associated with strategic ignorance of food-animal minds

Appetite ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 105935
Author(s):  
Stefan Leach ◽  
Jared Piazza ◽  
Steve Loughnan ◽  
Robbie M. Sutton ◽  
Ioanna Kapantai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Minds ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Eating Meat ◽  
Strategic Ignorance

scholarly journals Unpalatable truths: Commitment to eating meat is associated with strategic ignorance of food-animal minds

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Leach ◽  
jared piazza ◽  
Steve Loughnan ◽  
Robbie M. Sutton ◽  
Ioanna Kapantai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Companion Animals ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Animal Minds ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Eating Meat ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Strategic Ignorance

Animal minds are of central importance to debates about their rights and welfare. Remaining ignorant of evidence that animals have minds is therefore likely to facilitate their mistreatment. Studying samples of adults and students from the UK and US we found that, consistent with motivational perspectives on meat consumption, those who were more (vs. less) committed to eating meat were more motivated to avoid exposure to information about food-animals’ sentience (Studies 1), showed less interest in exposure to articles about intelligent food animals (Studies 2a and 2b), and were quicker to terminate exposure to internet pop-ups containing information about food-animals’ minds (Studies 3a and 3b). At the same time, those who were more (vs. less) committed to eating meat approached information about companion-animals’ minds (Studies 2a-3b) and unintelligent food animals (Studies 2a and 2b) in largely the same ways. The findings demonstrate that, within the UK and US, the desire to eat meat is associated with strategies to avoid information that is likely to challenge meat consumption.

КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПИЩЕВЫХ АЛЛЕРГЕНОВ ЖИВОТНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Pampura ◽  
E.E. Varlamov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Mammalian Meat

Продукты животного происхождения обладают наиболее сбалансированным комплексом необходимых нутриентов, поэтому их включение в пищевой рацион оправданно в различные возрастные периоды. Клинические проявления аллергии к данным продуктам крайне разнообразны. Одним из ключевых аспектов обозначенной проблемы является диагностика и оценка вероятности развития перекрестной реактивности. К пищевым продуктам животного происхождения, наиболее часто индуцирующим симптомы, относятся коровье молоко, куриное яйцо, рыба, моллюски, ракообразные, мясо млекопитающих. В представленной статье изложены данные об основных классах пищевых аллергенов животного происхождения, индуцирующих развитие перекрестных аллергических реакций. Описаны синдромы, связанные с перекрестной реактивностью: птица-яйцо , кошка-свинина , рыба-курица и -Gal-синдром/ синдром красного мяса .Animal foods products contain the most balanced complex of essential nutrients. The clinical manifestations of allergy to these products are varied. Key aspect of this problem is diagnostics and assessment of cross-reactivity. The food animal products that more often induce symptoms include cows milk, hens egg, fish, mollusks, crustaceans, mammalian meat. Data on the main classes of food animal allergens inducing the development of cross-allergic reactions as well as syndromes associated with cross-reactivity like bird-egg , cat-pork , fish-chicken and a-Gal-syndrome/ red meat syndrome are described in this article.

Animal Minds across Discourse Domains

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Herman
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Technical Term ◽  
Animal Minds ◽  
Fictional Narratives ◽  
Human Animal

This chapter uses a variety of example narratives to consider how cultures’ ways of orienting to animals (i.e., cultural ontologies) translate into, and depend for their support on, constellations of “discourse domains.” This technical term refers to the arenas of conduct in which strategies for negotiating self-other relationships—including human-animal relationships—take shape. At issue are frameworks for activity that determine what kinds of subjective experiences it is appropriate and warranted to attribute to others, nonhuman as well as human. The chapter draws on these ideas to reframe debates organized around a polarity between legible and illegible animal minds, commonly associated with fiction and nonfiction, respectively. To work past this polarity, the chapter outlines techniques for documenting and analyzing the attested range of mind-ascribing practices in a given culture or subculture, as they manifest themselves in nonfictional as well as fictional narratives about animals across different discourse domains.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Anthrax Associated with Handling and Eating Meat from a Cow, Uganda, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2799-2806
Author(s):  
Esther Kisaakye ◽  
Alex Riolexus Ario ◽  
Kenneth Bainomugisha ◽  
Caitlin M. Cossaboom ◽  
David Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Meat

scholarly journals The evolution of episodic-like memory: the importance of biological and ecological constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas van Woerkum
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Animal Minds ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Nonhuman Animals

AbstractA persisting question in the philosophy of animal minds is which nonhuman animals share our capacity for episodic memory (EM). Many authors address this question by primarily defining EM, trying to capture its seemingly unconstrained flexibility and independence from environmental and bodily constraints. EM is therefore often opposed to clearly context-bound capacities like tracking environmental regularities and forming associations. The problem is that conceptualizing EM in humans first, and then reconstructing how humans evolved this capacity, provides little constraints for understanding the evolution of memory abilities in other species: it defines “genuine” EM as independent from animals’ evolved sensorimotor setup and learning abilities. In this paper, I define memory in terms of perceptual learning: remembering means “knowing (better) what to do in later situations because of past experience in similar earlier situations”. After that, I explain how episodic memory can likewise be explained in terms of perceptual learning. For this, we should consider that the information in animals’ ecological niches is much richer than has hitherto been presumed. Accordingly, instead of asking “given that environmental stimuli provide insufficient information about the cache, what kind of representation does the jay need?” we ask “given that the animal performs in this way, what kind of information is available in the environment?” My aim is not to give a complete alternative explanation of EM; rather, it is to provide conceptual and methodological tools for more zoocentric comparative EM-research.

scholarly journals Conceptual Analysis and Empirical Observations of Animal Minds

Philosophia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Parellada
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Animal Minds ◽  
First Order

AbstractThe relation between conceptual analysis and empirical observations when ascribing or denying concepts and beliefs to non-human animals is not straightforward. In order to reflect on this relation, I focus on two theoretical proposals (Davidson’s and Allen’s) and one empirical case (vervet monkeys’ alarm calls), the three of which are permanently discussed and considered in the literature on animal cognition. First, I review briefly Davidson’s arguments for denying thought to non-linguistic animals. Second, I review Allen’s criteria for ascribing concepts to creatures capable of correcting their discriminatory powers by taking into account their previous errors. Allen affirms that this is an empirical proposal which offers good reasons, but not necessary or sufficient conditions, for concept attribution. Against Allen, I argue that his important proposal is not an empirical, but a conceptual one. Third, I resort to vervet monkeys to show that Allen’s criteria, and not Davidson’s, are very relevant for ascribing first-order and denying second-order beliefs to this species and thus make sense of the idea of animal cognition.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Freshwater Fish and Pork in Wet Markets of Hong Kong

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulmini Nanayakkara Sapugahawatte ◽  
Carmen Li ◽  
Chendi Zhu ◽  
Priyanga Dharmaratne ◽  
Kam Tak Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Food Animals

ABSTRACT This study identified and characterized extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) from farmed freshwater fish and pig offal procured from the wet markets across Hong Kong. During March 2018 to January 2019, 730 food animal samples, namely, 213 snakehead fish, 198 black carp, and 339 pig organs, were examined. ESBL-E and CPE were isolated from the homogenized samples plated on selective media and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). All ESBL-E and CPE strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities. ESBL-E and CPE gene groups were detected by multiplex PCR and blaCTX-M-1/-2/-9 group strains were Sanger sequenced for CTX-M types. All CPE isolates were whole-genome sequenced. Isolation of ESBL-E from pig small (52.4%) and large (50%) intestines and tongues (25.1%) was significantly (P < 0.05) more frequent than from snakehead (0.94%) and black carp (0.5%) fish. ESBL-E isolates (n = 171) revealed resistance rates of 16.3%, 29.8%, 35.6%, 53.2%, 55.0%, and 100% to piperacillin-tazobactam, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefepime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin, respectively, whereas CPE (n = 28) were resistant to almost all the antibiotics tested except gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and fosfomycin. The predominant ESBL gene groups in fishes and pig offals were blaCTX, where blaCTX-M-55 was the major subtype in the blaCTX-M-1 group (64.4% of isolates in the group). blaCTX-M-14/-17 was the major genotype in the blaCTX-M-9 group (32.2%). All CPE strains possessed blaNDM genes. High rates of ESBL-E and CPE were identified in food animals from wet markets of Hong Kong, which may serve as a potential reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant genes and increase the challenges in tackling antimicrobial resistance beyond health care settings. IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are of global health importance, yet there is a paucity of surveillance studies on food animals in Hong Kong. Here, we report a high prevalence of ESBL-E (ranging from 0.5% to 52.4%) and CPE (0% to 9.9%) from various food animal samples procured from wet markets across Hong Kong. All CPE strains were characterized by whole-genome sequencing and possessed NDM-1 and -5 genes and other resistance determinants. Given the increased resistance profile of these strains, this study highlights the emerging threat of ESBL-E and CPE disseminated in farmed animals. Furthermore, our data enriched our understanding of antibiotic resistance reservoirs from a One Health perspective that can widely spread across various niches, beyond health care settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document