Response of the eelgrass ( Zostera marina L.) to the combined effects of high temperatures and the herbicide, atrazine

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Gao ◽  
Jianguang Fang ◽  
Meirong Du ◽  
Jinghui Fang ◽  
Weiwei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine

The impact of the herbicide atrazine on growth and photosynthesis of seagrass, Zostera marina (L.), seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1628-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Gao ◽  
Jianguang Fang ◽  
Jihong Zhang ◽  
Lihua Ren ◽  
Yuze Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Warming has a greater effect than elevated CO 2 on predator–prey interactions in coral reef fish

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1857) ◽  
pp. 20170784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridie J. M. Allan ◽  
Paolo Domenici ◽  
Sue Ann Watson ◽  
Philip L. Munday ◽  
Mark I. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Ocean acidification and warming, driven by anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, are considered to be among the greatest threats facing marine organisms. While each stressor in isolation has been studied extensively, there has been less focus on their combined effects, which could impact key ecological processes. We tested the independent and combined effects of short-term exposure to elevated CO 2 and temperature on the predator–prey interactions of a common pair of coral reef fishes ( Pomacentrus wardi and its predator, Pseudochromis fuscus ). We found that predator success increased following independent exposure to high temperature and elevated CO 2 . Overall, high temperature had an overwhelming effect on the escape behaviour of the prey compared with the combined exposure to elevated CO 2 and high temperature or the independent effect of elevated CO 2 . Exposure to high temperatures led to an increase in attack and predation rates. By contrast, we observed little influence of elevated CO 2 on the behaviour of the predator, suggesting that the attack behaviour of P. fuscus was robust to this environmental change. This is the first study to address how the kinematics and swimming performance at the basis of predator–prey interactions may change in response to concurrent exposure to elevated CO 2 and high temperatures and represents an important step to forecasting the responses of interacting species to climate change.

High temperatures cause reduced growth, plant death and metabolic changes in eelgrass Zostera marina

2018 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Hammer ◽  
J Borum ◽  
H Hasler-Sheetal ◽  
EC Shields ◽  
K Sand-Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Metabolic Changes

In situ REM imaging of surface processes on ceramic bulk crystals from 300 to 1670 K in a conventional TEM

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 660-661
Author(s):  
Z. L. Wang ◽  
J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Atomic Processes ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Reactions

Studying the behavior of surfaces at high temperatures is of great importance for understanding the properties of ceramics and associated surface-gas reactions. Atomic processes occurring on bulk crystal surfaces at high temperatures can be recorded by reflection electron microscopy (REM) in a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) with relatively high resolution, because REM is especially sensitive to atomic-height steps.Improved REM image resolution with a FEG: Cleaved surfaces of a-alumina (012) exhibit atomic flatness with steps of height about 5 Å, determined by reference to a screw (or near screw) dislocation with a presumed Burgers vector of b = (1/3)<012> (see Fig. 1). Steps of heights less than about 0.8 Å can be clearly resolved only with a field emission gun (FEG) (Fig. 2). The small steps are formed by the surface oscillating between the closely packed O and Al stacking layers. The bands of dark contrast (Fig. 2b) are the result of beam radiation damage to surface areas initially terminated with O ions.

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

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