In vitro and in vivo characteristics of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth obtained by enzymatic disaggregation and outgrowth

Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), including Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs), Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHED), and Stem Cells From Apical Papilla (SCAP), have been extensively studied using highly sophisticatedin vitroandin vivosystems, yielding substantially improved understanding of their intriguing biological properties. Their capacity to reconstitute various dental and nondental tissues and the inherent angiogenic, neurogenic, and immunomodulatory properties of their secretome have been a subject of meticulous and costly research by various groups over the past decade. Key milestone achievements have exemplified their clinical utility in Regenerative Dentistry, as surrogate therapeutic modules for conventional biomaterial-based approaches, offering regeneration of damaged oral tissues instead of simply “filling the gaps.” Thus, the essential next step to validate these immense advances is the implementation of well-designed clinical trials paving the way for exploiting these fascinating research achievements for patient well-being: the ultimate aim of this ground breaking technology. This review paper presents a concise overview of the major biological properties of the human dental MSCs, critical for the translational pathway “from bench to clinic.”

Download Full-text

Xenogenic bone grafting biomaterials do not interfere in the viability and proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth - an in vitro pilot study

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. e34410414249

Author(s):

Jeferson Luis de Oliveira Stroparo ◽

Suyany Gabriely Weiss ◽

Sabrina Cunha da Fonseca ◽

Lisley Janowski Spisila ◽

Carla Castiglia Gonzaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Future Application ◽

Significance Level ◽

Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Aim: In vitro evaluation of the influence of bovine xenogenic biomaterials on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). The study was divided into three groups: 1) group C (control), containing only MSCs; 2) group BP, containing MSCs and Bonefill Porous®; 3) group BO, containing MSCs and Bio-Oss®. MSCs were derived from a deciduous tooth from a 7-year-old male donor. An aliquot of cells was subjected to immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Cell viability (neutral red), cytotoxicity (MTT), and cell proliferation (crystal violet) assays were performed. All groups underwent morphological analysis by light microscopy (LM), and the biomaterial with superior performance was submitted to evaluation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Time points of 24, 48, and 72 h of culture were used. All results were evaluated with a significance level of 0.05. Results showed that both biomaterials maintained cell viability and cytotoxicity similar to the control. The BO group showed smaller cell proliferation compared to the other groups. In LM evaluation, the BP group showed more spread and adherent cells than the BO group. In SEM, cells of the BP group showed characteristics of more active cells than those of the control. Bovine xenogenic biomaterials positively influenced SHEDs, while the BP group seemed to present higher potential with SHEDs for future application within in vivo and/or clinical studies.

Download Full-text

Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Hydroxyapatite nanocomposite scaffold seeded with Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth to enhance bone repair: in vitro and in vivo studies

Materials Technology ◽

10.1080/10667857.2020.1837488 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Mansoureh Sattary ◽

Amirhosein Kefayat ◽

Ashkan Bigham ◽

Mohammad Rafienia

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Repair ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Nanocomposite Scaffold ◽

Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Download Full-text

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth: A Concise Review

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x14666191018122109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 61-76

Author(s):

Chih-Sheng Ko ◽

Jen-Hao Chen ◽

Wen-Ta Su

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Telomerase Activity ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Population Doubling ◽

High Plasticity ◽

Concise Review ◽

Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) originate from the embryonic neural crest as ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells and are isolated from human deciduous teeth. SHED expresses the same cell markers as Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), such as OCT4 and NANOG, which make SHED to have a significant impact on clinical applications. SHED possess higher rates of proliferation, higher telomerase activity, increased cell population doubling, form sphere-like clusters, and possess immature and multi-differentiation capacity; such high plasticity makes SHED one of the most popular sources of stem cells for biomedical engineering. In this review, we describe the isolation and banking method, the current development of SHED in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo.

Download Full-text

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth Promote Hair Regeneration in Mouse

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/09636897211042927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 096368972110429

Author(s):

Xiaoshuang Zhang ◽

Tong Lei ◽

Peng Chen ◽

Lei Wang ◽

Jian Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Skin Cells ◽

Hair Regeneration ◽

Regeneration Cycle ◽

Dermal Cells ◽

Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Stem cells in different types may interact with each other to maintain homeostasis or growth and the interactions are complicated and extensive. There is increasing evidence that mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in early morphogenesis stages of both tooth and hair follicles show many similarities. In order to explore whether stem cells from one tissue could interact with cells from another tissue, a series of experiments were carried out. Here we successfully extracted and identified stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) of 8–12 years old kids, and then found that SHED could promote hair regeneration in a mouse model. In vitro, SHED shortened the hair regeneration cycle and promoted the proliferation and aggregation of dermal cells. In vivo, when SHED and skin cells of C57 mice were subcutaneously co-transplanted to nude mice, more hair was formed than skin cells without SHED. To further explore the molecular mechanism, epidermal and dermal cells were freshly extracted and co-cultured with SHED. Then several signaling molecules in hair follicle regeneration were detected and we found that the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and Glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) was up-regulated. It seems that SHED may boost the prosperity of hairs by increase Shh/Gli1 pathway, which brings new perspectives in tissue engineering and damaged tissue repairing.

Download Full-text

Stem Cells Derived from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth [shed] in Neuronal Disorders: A Review

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x16666201221151512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Minu Anoop ◽

Indrani Datta

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Proliferative Potential ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

: Most conventional treatments for neurodegenerative diseases fail due to their focus on neuroprotection rather than neurorestoration. Stem cell‐based therapies are becoming a potential treatment option for neurodegenerative diseases as they can home in, engraft, differentiate and produce factors for CNS recovery. Stem cells derived from human dental pulp tissue differ from other sources of mesenchymal stem cells due to their embryonic neural crest origin and neurotrophic property. These include both dental pulp stem cells [DPSCs] from dental pulp tissues of human permanent teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth [SHED]. SHED offer many advantages over other types of MSCs such as good proliferative potential, minimal invasive procurement, neuronal differentiation and neurotrophic capacity, and negligible ethical concerns. The therapeutic potential of SHED is attributed to the paracrine action of extracellularly released secreted factors, specifically the secretome, of which exosomes is a key component. SHED and its conditioned media can be effective in neurodegeneration through multiple mechanisms, including cell replacement, paracrine effects, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, immunomodulation, and apoptosis inhibition, and SHED exosomes offer an ideal refined bed-to-bench formulation in neurodegenerative disorders. However, in spite of these advantages, there are still some limitations of SHED exosome therapy, such as the effectiveness of long-term storage of SHED and their exosomes, the development of a robust GMP-grade manufacturing protocol, optimization of the route of administration, and evaluation of the efficacy and safety in humans. In this review, we have addressed the isolation, collection and properties of SHED along with its therapeutic potential on in vitro and in vivo neuronal disorder models as evident from the published literature.

Download Full-text

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) Differentiate in vivo and Promote Facial Nerve Regeneration

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/0963689718809090 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 55-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Larissa Vilela Pereira ◽

Ricardo Ferreira Bento ◽

Dayane B. Cruz ◽

Cláudia Marchi ◽

Raquel Salomone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Schwann Cell ◽

Facial Nerve ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Control Group ◽

Cell Marker ◽

Mandibular Branch ◽

Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Post-traumatic lesions with transection of the facial nerve present limited functional outcome even after repair by gold-standard microsurgical techniques. Stem cell engraftment combined with surgical repair has been reported as a beneficial alternative. However, the best association between the source of stem cell and the nature of conduit, as well as the long-term postoperative cell viability are still matters of debate. We aimed to assess the functional and morphological effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in polyglycolic acid tube (PGAt) combined with autografting of rat facial nerve on repair after neurotmesis. The mandibular branch of rat facial nerve submitted to neurotmesis was repaired by autograft and PGAt filled with purified basement membrane matrix with or without SHED. Outcome variables were compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and axon morphometric. Animals from the SHED group had mean CMAP amplitudes and mean axonal diameters significantly higher than the control group ( p < 0.001). Mean axonal densities were significantly higher in the control group ( p = 0.004). The engrafted nerve segment resected 6 weeks after surgery presented cells of human origin that were positive for the Schwann cell marker (S100), indicating viability of transplanted SHED and a Schwann cell-like phenotype. We conclude that regeneration of the mandibular branch of the rat facial nerve was improved by SHED within PGAt. The stem cells integrated and remained viable in the neural tissue for 6 weeks since transplantation, and positive labeling for S100 Schwann-cell marker suggests cells initiated in vivo differentiation.

Download Full-text