Combined physical and cognitive training for older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Background and Objectives Cognitive training delivered in conjunction with physical activity, may help to optimize aging and delay or prevent dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, their efficacy is less well studied compared to pharmaceutical treatments. This systematic review synthesizes the emerging evidence on combined cognitive-physical interventions for enhancing functioning in older adults with MCI, with implications for practice and research. Research Design and Methods We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, Ageline, Medline, Web of Science and ProQuest databases, and hand-searched articles published between July 2013 and November 2018. Only randomized controlled trials which incorporated cognitive and physical components targeted to individuals with MCI over the age of 50 were eligible. Our search yielded 10 eligible, independent articles. Results Intervention participants with MCI self-reported, or demonstrated, improved functioning across a range of cognitive (global cognitive function, executive function, processing speed, memory, attention, mood, emotion, motivation, brain cortex, orientation), and physical (gait, balance, mobility) outcomes. Interventions which combined cognitive-physical training were comparable to those which isolated these same elements, in terms of their effects on executive function, processing speed, attention, mood, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Discussion and Implications There is preliminary evidence to support the positive effects of multicomponent interventions to improve cognitive-motor abilities in older adults at risk of developing dementia. The strength of this research evidence is, however, limited. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these effects are maintained over time. The optimal intervention intensity and length also need to be established.

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The Effects of the Pilates Training Method on Balance and Falls of Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2017-0078 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 327-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Noemi Moreno-Segura ◽

Celedonia Igual-Camacho ◽

Yéntel Ballester-Gil ◽

María Clara Blasco-Igual ◽

Jose María Blasco

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Training Method ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Effectiveness of exercise intervention on fall-related fractures in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01721-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qiang Wang ◽

Xiaowei Jiang ◽

Yingchao Shen ◽

Ping Yao ◽

Jun Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Cognitive rehabilitation interventions after stroke: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01607-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qing Zhao ◽

Xue Wang ◽

Tao Wang ◽

Adam A. Dmytriw ◽

Xiao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and 53.4% of stroke survivors suffer from post-stroke cognitive impairment. Post-stroke cognitive impairment can increase hospitalization rate and cost of care and decrease the quality of life of stroke patients. To date, multiple cognitive rehabilitation interventions have been tested in stroke populations with post-stroke cognitive impairment. However, the most efficacious intervention has not been established. This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation interventions for patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment. Methods We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, and clinical trial registries to identify eligible randomized clinical trials with no restrictions in the date of publication and language. Studies conducted with patients aged 18 or over, with the presence of cognitive impairment after being diagnosed with stroke will be included. Studies will be restricted to randomized controlled trials comparing a cognitive rehabilitation intervention with another intervention. The primary outcome is any clinical changes in the general or specific cognitive domain (e.g., executive function, attention, memory, or perception). The secondary outcomes that will be collected include adverse effects (e.g., stroke, disability, or mortality) and quality of life. Two independent reviewers will assess articles to identify trials eligible for inclusion. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment of the included studies will also be done independently. Any discrepancies will be solved by discussion, or a third reviewer will be consulted if necessary. A meta-analysis will be carried out if appropriate. Discussion This systematic review for patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment will assess the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation interventions. And our results will help clinical decision-making and support the development of clinical practice guidelines. Trial registration Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020173988

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