scholarly journals High Return to Play Rate and Reduced Career Longevity Following Surgical Management of Athletic Pubalgia in National Basketball Association Players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Castle ◽  
Adam Kessler ◽  
Muhammad J. Abbas ◽  
Susan Wager ◽  
Lafi S. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Career Longevity ◽  
Athletic Pubalgia ◽  
High Return

scholarly journals Effect of Achilles Tendon Rupture on Player Performance and Longevity in Women’s National Basketball Association Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232596712198998
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Tramer ◽  
Lafi S. Khalil ◽  
Patrick Buckley ◽  
Alexander Ziedas ◽  
Patricia A. Kolowich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Career Longevity ◽  
Women's National Basketball Association ◽  
Player Performance

Background:Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) players have a greater incidence of lower extremity injury compared with male players, yet no data exist on functional outcomes after Achilles tendon rupture (ATR).Purpose:To evaluate the effect of Achilles tendon repair on game utilization, player performance, and career longevity in WNBA athletes.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:WNBA players from 1997 to 2019 with a history of ATR (n = 12) were matched 1:2 to a healthy control group. Player characteristics, game utilization, and in-game performance data were collected for each athlete, from which the player efficiency rating (PER) was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed comparing postinjury data to preinjury baseline as well as cumulative career data. Changes at each time point relative to the preinjury baseline were also compared between groups.Results:Of the 12 players with ATR, 10 (83.3%) returned to play at the WNBA level at a mean (±SD) of 12.5 ± 3.3 months. Four players participated in only 1 WNBA season after injury. There were no differences in characteristics between the 10 players who returned to play after injury and the control group. After return to play, the WNBA players demonstrated a significant decrease in game utilization compared with preinjury, playing in 6.0 ± 6.9 fewer games, starting in 12.7 ± 15.4 fewer games, and playing 10.2 ± 9.1 fewer minutes per game ( P < .05 for all). After the index date of injury, the players with Achilles repair played 2.1 ± 1.2 more years in the WNBA, while control players played 5.35 ± 3.2 years ( P < .01) Additionally, the players with Achilles repair had a significant decrease in PER in the year after injury compared with preinjury (7.1 ± 5.3 vs 11.0 ± 4.4; P = .02). The reduction in game utilization and decrease in PER in these players was maintained when compared with the matched controls ( P < .05 for both).Conclusion:The majority of WNBA players who sustained ATR were able to return to sport after their injury; however, their career longevity was shorter than that of healthy controls. There was a significant decrease in game utilization and performance in the year after return to play compared with healthy controls.

scholarly journals Impact of Patellar Tendinopathy on Player Performance in the National Basketball Association

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 232596712110253
Author(s):  
Toufic R. Jildeh ◽  
Patrick Buckley ◽  
Muhammad J. Abbas ◽  
Brendan Page ◽  
Jacob Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Patellar Tendinopathy ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Career Longevity ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Player Performance ◽  
The Impact

Background: The extent to which patellar tendinopathy affects National Basketball Association (NBA) athletes has not been thoroughly elucidated. Purpose: To assess the impact patellar tendinopathy has on workload, player performance, and career longevity in NBA athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: NBA players diagnosed with patellar tendinopathy between the 2000-2001 and 2018-2019 seasons were identified through publicly available data. Characteristics, return to play (RTP), player statistics, and workload data were compiled. The season of diagnosis was set as the index year, and the statistical analysis compared post- versus preindex data acutely and in the long term, both within the injured cohort and with a matched healthy NBA control cohort. Results: A total of 46 NBA athletes were included in the tendinopathy group; all 46 players returned to the NBA after their diagnosis. Compared with controls, the tendinopathy cohort had longer careers (10.50 ± 4.32 vs 7.18 ± 5.28 seasons; P < .001) and played more seasons after return from injury (4.26 ± 2.46 vs 2.58 ± 3.07 seasons; P = .001). Risk factors for patellar tendinopathy included increased workload before injury (games started, 45.83 ± 28.67 vs 25.01 ± 29.77; P < .001) and time played during the season (1951.21 ± 702.09 vs 1153.54 ± 851.05 minutes; P < .001) and during games (28.71 ± 6.81 vs 19.88 ± 9.36 minutes per game; P < .001). Players with increased productivity as measured by player efficiency rating (PER) were more likely to develop patellar tendinopathy compared with healthy controls (15.65 ± 4.30 vs 12.76 ± 5.27; P = .003). When comparing metrics from 1 year preinjury, there was a decrease in games started at 1 year postinjury (−12.42 ± 32.38 starts; P = .028) and total time played (−461.53 ± 751.42 minutes; P = .001); however, PER at 1 and 3 years after injury was unaffected compared with corresponding preinjury statistics. Conclusion: NBA players with a higher PER and significantly more playing time were more likely to be diagnosed with patellar tendinopathy. Player performance was not affected by the diagnosis of patellar tendinopathy, and athletes were able to RTP without any impact on career longevity.

scholarly journals Performance After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in National Basketball Association Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596712098164
Author(s):  
Steven F. DeFroda ◽  
Devan D. Patel ◽  
John Milner ◽  
Daniel S. Yang ◽  
Brett D. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Case Series ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in National Basketball Association (NBA) players can have a significant impact on player longevity and performance. Current literature reports a high rate of return to play, but there are limited data on performance after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine return to play and player performance in the first and second seasons after ACLR in NBA players. We hypothesized that players would return at a high rate. However, we also hypothesized that performance in the first season after ACLR would be worse as compared with the preinjury performance, with a return to baseline by postoperative year 2. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: An online database of NBA athlete injuries between 2010 and 2019 was queried using the term ACL reconstruction. For the included players, the following data were recorded: name; age at injury; position; height, weight, and body mass index; handedness; NBA experience; dates of injury, surgery, and return; knee affected; and postoperative seasons played. Regular season statistics for 1 preinjury season and 2 postoperative seasons were compiled and included games started and played, minutes played, and player efficiency rating. Kaplan-Meier survivorship plots were computed for athlete return-to-play and retirement endpoints. Results: A total of 26 athletes underwent ACLR; of these, 84% (95% CI, 63.9%-95.5%) returned to play at a mean 372.5 days (95% CI, 323.5-421.5 days) after surgery. Career length after injury was a mean of 3.36 seasons (95% CI, 2.27-4.45 seasons). Factors that contributed to an increased probability of return to play included younger age at injury (odds ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.47-0.92]; P = .0337) and fewer years of experience in the NBA before injury (odds ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.45-0.93]; P = .0335). Postoperatively, athletes played a significantly lower percentage of total games in the first season (48.4%; P = .0004) and second season (62.1%; P = .0067) as compared with the preinjury season (78.5%). Player efficiency rating in the first season was 19.3% less than that in the preinjury season ( P = .0056). Performance in the second postoperative season was not significantly different versus preinjury. Conclusion: NBA players have a high rate of RTP after ACLR. However, it may take longer than a single season for elite NBA athletes to return to their full preinjury performance. Younger players and those with less NBA experience returned at higher rates.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Injuries and Treatment Outcomes in Women's National Basketball Association and National Basketball Association Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596712098207
Author(s):  
Sachin Allahabadi ◽  
Favian Su ◽  
Drew A. Lansdown
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cartilage Injuries ◽  
Women's National Basketball Association

Background: Athletes in the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) and National Basketball Association (NBA) are subject to high injury rates given the physical demands of the sport. Comprehensive data regarding injury patterns and rates in these athletes are limited. Purpose: To summarize available data on orthopaedic and sports medicine–related injuries through 2020 in professional female and male basketball players. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A search was conducted using PubMed and Embase through April 5, 2020, to identify injury studies regarding WNBA and NBA players. Studies were included if the injury or surgery was considered a direct consequence of game play including musculoskeletal/orthopaedic, concussion, ophthalmologic, and craniomaxillofacial injuries. Systematic reviews, screening studies, or studies without sufficient WNBA or NBA player subgroup analysis were excluded. Results: A total of 49 studies met inclusion criteria, 43 (87.8%) of which detailed musculoskeletal injuries. The lower extremity represented 63.3% of studies. A majority (59.2%) of studies were level 4 evidence. The source of data was primarily comprehensive online search (n = 33; 67.3%), followed by official databases (n = 11; 22.4%). Only 3 studies concerned WNBA athletes compared with 47 that concerned NBA athletes. The lowest return-to-play rates were cited for Achilles tendon repairs (61.0%-79.5%). Variability in return-to-play rates existed among studies even with similar seasons studied. Conclusion: The majority of literature available on orthopaedic and sports medicine–related injuries of NBA and WNBA athletes is on the lower extremity. The injuries that had the greatest effect on return to play and performance were Achilles tendon ruptures and knee cartilage injuries treated using microfracture. The reported outcomes are limited by heterogeneity and overlapping injury studies. There are limited available data on WNBA injuries specifically.

scholarly journals Effect of Achilles Tendon Repair on Performance Outcomes After Return to Play in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Basketball Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712110152
Author(s):  
Rafael Sanchez ◽  
Blake H. Hodgens ◽  
Joseph S. Geller ◽  
Samuel Huntley ◽  
Jonathan Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Division I ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Drop

Background: Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are devastating injuries that are highly prevalent among athletes. Despite our understanding of the effect of AT rupture and in particular its relationship to basketball, no study has examined the effects of AT rupture and repair on performance metrics in collegiate basketball players. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of AT rupture and subsequent surgical repair on performance metrics in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players who return to play after injury. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: NCAA Division I basketball players who sustained an AT rupture and underwent subsequent surgical repair between 2000 and 2019 were identified by systematically evaluating individual injury reports from databases comprising NCAA career statistics and individual school statistics; 65 male and 41 female players were identified. Athletes were included if they participated in at least one-half of the games of 1 collegiate season before tearing the AT and at least 1 season after operative repair. A total of 50 male and 30 female athletes were included. Each injured athlete was matched to a healthy control by conference, position, starter status at time of injury, class year, and number of games played. Matched controls were healthy players and experienced no significant injuries during their NCAA careers. Results: After AT repair, male athletes had significantly more minutes per game, points per game, and compared with before injury. Total blocks significantly decreased after injury. Female athletes scored significantly more points per game but demonstrated a significantly lower 3-point shooting percentage after return to play. Despite undergoing AT rupture and repair, 14% of male players played in the National Basketball Association, and 20% of injured female athletes played in the Women’s National Basketball Association. Conclusion: After returning to play, men demonstrated a significant drop-off in performance only in regard to total blocks. Female athletes after AT repair demonstrated a significant improvement in points per game but had a significant drop-off in 3-point shooting percentage.

Sports Hernia in National Hockey League Players

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Jakoi ◽  
Craig O’Neill ◽  
Christopher Damsgaard ◽  
Keith Fehring ◽  
James Tom
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
National Hockey League ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sports Hernia ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Athletic Pubalgia ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Athletic pubalgia is a complex injury that results in loss of play in competitive athletes, especially hockey players. The number of reported sports hernias has been increasing, and the importance of their management is vital. There are no studies reporting whether athletes can return to play at preinjury levels. Purpose: The focus of this study was to evaluate the productivity of professional hockey players before an established athletic pubalgia diagnosis contrasted with the productivity after sports hernia repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Professional National Hockey League (NHL) players who were reported to have a sports hernia and who underwent surgery from 2001 to 2008 were identified. Statistics were gathered on the players’ previous 2 full seasons and compared with the statistics 2 full seasons after surgery. Data concerning games played, goals, average time on ice, time of productivity, and assists were gathered. Players were divided into 3 groups: group A incorporated all players, group B were players with 6 or fewer seasons of play, and group C consisted of players with 7 or more seasons of play. A control group was chosen to compare player deterioration or improvement over a career; each player selected for the study had a corresponding control player with the same tenure in his career and position during the same years. Results: Forty-three hockey players were identified to have had sports hernia repairs from 2001 to 2008; ultimately, 80% would return to play 2 or more full seasons. Group A had statistically significant decreases in games played, goals scored, and assists. Versus the control group, the decreases in games played and assists were supported. Statistical analysis showed significant decreases in games played, goals scored, assists, and average time on ice the following 2 seasons in group C, which was also seen in comparison with the control group. Group B (16 players) showed only statistical significance in games played versus the control group. Conclusion: Players who undergo sports hernia surgeries return to play and often perform similar to their presurgery level. Players with over 7 full seasons return but with significant decreases in their overall performance levels. Less veteran players were able to return to play without any statistical decrease in performance and are likely the best candidates for repair once incurring injury.

“It Will Ruin His Career”: Does Violence Against Women Really Damage the Careers of NBA Players?

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052090919
Author(s):  
Daniel Sailofsky ◽  
Eran Shor
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
Career Longevity ◽  
Annual Salary ◽  
Significant Difference

Arrests for acts of violence against women are a common occurrence for professional athletes, including National Basketball Association (NBA) players. Many sports fans, players, and those involved in professional sport believe that arrests for acts of violence against women, whether they result in a conviction or not, are highly detrimental to an athlete’s career. We matched all 30 NBA players arrested for acts of violence against women between 2000 and 2016 with similar players who were not arrested and examined the effects of the arrest on postarrest average annual salary and career longevity. We found no significant difference between arrested players’ careers and the careers of nonarrested counterparts. From a social learning perspective, this lack of punishment or loss of reward could be an important factor in continued acts of violence against women among NBA athletes.

scholarly journals Concussions in the National Basketball Association: An Analysis from 1999-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0040
Author(s):  
Kelechi Okoroha ◽  
Bhavik H. Patel ◽  
Yining Lu ◽  
Alexander J. Idarraga ◽  
Brian Forsythe
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Education Medical ◽  
Player Performance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Game Performance

Objectives: Several studies have examined the incidence and effects of concussions in professional football, baseball, and hockey, but there has been limited evaluation of the effects of concussions in National Basketball Association (NBA) players. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiologic trends of concussions, as well as the effects of concussions on in-game performance, in NBA players. Methods: Publicly available records were searched to include all players who sustained an in-game concussion while playing in the NBA from the beginning of the 1999 NBA season to the conclusion of the 2018 season. For each player the following variables were collected: date of injury, number of days and games missed before returning to game play, player efficiency rating (PER) in the season of injury, the season preceding the injury, and the season following the injury, position of the injured player, and the incidence of multiple concussions for a single player. Concussion trends before and after the institution of the NBA Concussion Protocol were calculated, as well as the effects on PER after return to play. Results: From the start of the 1999 season to the end of the 2018 season, 185 basketball-related concussions were incurred across 149 NBA players. All players were able to return to play following a first-time concussion after missing an average of 7.7 days and 3.5 games. The NBA Concussion Protocol was instituted ahead of the 2011-2012 season, prior to which there were 5.7 concussions recorded/season, with an average of 6.7 days and 3.0 games missed per first-time concussion. Following the institution of the concussion protocol, there were approximately 11 more concussions recorded/season (16.7 vs. 5.7, P = 0.007), with 1.7 more days missed (8.4 vs. 6.7, P = 0.27) and 0.9 more games missed (3.9 vs. 3.0, P = 0.24) per concussion, compared to prior seasons. Of the 149 players who suffered concussions, 27 were concussed multiple times (18.1%). There was no difference found in the incidence of recurrent concussions within the same season before vs. after the institution of the concussion protocol (4 vs. 5, P > 0.05). PER was almost identical for concussed players in the season prior to the injury, the season in which the injury occurred, and the season following the injury (13.93 vs. 13.94 vs. 13.91, P = 0.998). Conclusion: There has been a significant increase in the incidence of concussions in the NBA player following the institution of a league-wide concussion protocol. This likely reflects more accurate reporting secondary to advances in player education, medical knowledge, national media coverage, and standardized testing protocols. Despite this increase in reported concussions, the amount of time missed following injury has remained relatively constant. Player performance as reported by PER was not significantly affected by sustaining a concussion. [Figure: see text][Table: see text]

scholarly journals Groin Injuries (Athletic Pubalgia) and Return to Play

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Elattar ◽  
Ho-Rim Choi ◽  
Vickie D. Dills ◽  
Brian Busconi
Keyword(s):  
Return To Play ◽  
Athletic Pubalgia
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