Extraction of urban built-up surfaces and its subclasses using existing built-up indices with separability analysis of spectrally mixed classes in AVIRIS-NG imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1829-1845
Author(s):  
Dwijendra Pandey ◽  
K.C. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Classes

scholarly journals Advances in Membranous Nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Pierre Ronco ◽  
Emmanuelle Plaisier ◽  
Hanna Debiec
Keyword(s):  
Membranous Nephropathy ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitor ◽  
Sequential Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Therapeutic Algorithms ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Mixed Classes ◽  
End Stage

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a rare auto-immune disease where the glomerulus is targeted by circulating auto-antibodies mostly against podocyte antigens, which results in the formation of electron-dense immune complexes, activation of complement and massive proteinuria. MN is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults leading to severe thrombotic complications and kidney failure. This review is focused on the recent therapeutic and pathophysiological advances that occurred in the last two years. For a long time, we were lacking a head-to-head comparison between cyclophosphamide considered as the gold standard therapy and other medications, notably rituximab. Substantial progress has been achieved owing to three randomized controlled trials. MENTOR (Membranous Nephropathy Trial of Rituximab) and STARMEN (Sequential Therapy with Tacrolimus and Rituximab in Primary Membranous Nephropathy) conclusively established that calcineurin inhibitor-based regimens are slower to result in an immunologic response than rituximab or cyclophosphamide, achieve fewer complete clinical remissions, and are less likely to maintainremission. Rituximab Versus Steroids and Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (RI-CYCLO) suggested that competition between cyclophosphamide and rituximab remains open. Given the technological leap combining laser microdissection of glomeruli and mass spectrometry of solubilized digested proteins, four “new antigens” were discovered including NELL-1 and Semaphorin 3B in so-called primary MN, and exostosins 1 and 2 and NCAM 1 in lupus MN. NELL-1 is associated with about 8% of primary MN and is characterized by segmental immune deposits and frequent association with cancer (30%). Semaphorin 3B-associated MN usually occurs in children, often below the age of two years, where it is the main antigen, representing about 16% of non-lupus MN in childhood. Exostosins 1/2 and NCAM 1 are associated with 30% and 6% of lupus MN, respectively. Exostosins 1/2 (EXT1/2) staining is associated with a low rate of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) even in mixed classes III/IV+V. These findings already lead to revisiting the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms toward more personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Human lipoproteins comprise at least 12 different classes that are 1 lognormally distributed.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Konishi ◽  
Risako Fujiwara ◽  
Tadaaki Saito ◽  
Tadaaki Saito ◽  
Nozomi Satou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
High Gravity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rapid Separation ◽  
Human Serum Samples ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Mixed Classes ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Enzymatic Methods

Lipoproteins in medical samples have been measured by enzymatic methods that coincide with conventional ultracentrifugation. However, the high gravity and time required for ultracentrifugation can cause sample degradation. This study presents the results of HPLC, a gentler and rapid separation method, for 55 human serum samples. The elution patterns were analysed parametrically, and the attribute of each class was confirmed biochemically. Human samples contained 12 classes of lipoproteins, each of which may consist primarily of proteins. There are three classes of VLDLs. The level of each class was distributed lognormally, and the standard amount and the 95% range were estimated. Enzymatic methods measure the levels of several mixed classes. This lognormal character suggests that the levels are controlled by the synergy of multiple factors.

Formation of socio-communicative competence of the future teacher

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Vladimir Panteleimonovich Borisenkov ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Gukalenko ◽  
Tatyana Petrovna Ilyevich
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Potential ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Culture Of Learning ◽  
Network Interaction ◽  
Distance Learning Technologies ◽  
Mixed Classes

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of a teacher's social and communicative readiness to solve professional problems as one of the basic pedagogical competencies in the context of the digitalization of education. The problem of creating conditions for the formation and development of a digital learning culture is considered from the point of view of the updated conceptual apparatus of modern pedagogy, the introduction of such concepts as digital learning, mixed classes, network interaction. Potential educational opportunities and risks of organizing the pedagogical process using digital means and technologies are identified. Consideration of the essential characteristics and structure of social and communicative competence made it possible to reveal the practice-oriented features of the teacher's professional readiness, focused on the active use of distance learning technologies. The analysis of the structures and content of models for the formation of social and communicative competence in the system of training pedagogical personnel allows us to variably present the algorithms and mechanisms for mastering the «new culture of learning» in the realities of the digital society.

The role of comets and asteroids in Solar System development: space exploration

1994 ◽  
Vol 349 (1690) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Mixed Classes ◽  
Asteroids And Comets

Exploration by space missions of the near-nucleus regions of comets Halley and Grigg-Skjellerup has resulted in valuable but expensive snapshots of cometary phenomena. The ‘ground truth’ from such missions, which can be established only by this means of dedicated space exploration, provides essential inputs to models of cometary processes. It also gives calibration data for a very wide base of cometary and asteroidal observations, past, present and future. Seen as objects which are both eroded by impacts from interplanetary dust and also the progenitors of interplanetary dust, we find both asteroids and comets are needed to contribute to this population. Contrary to expectations, as new data on the asteroids and comets is analysed, we find the differences between the two classes of primordial body is very much less distinct; accounting for the interplanetary distribution and properties of dust mass requires not only both classes of object but also a distribution of mixed classes. ESA’s newly selected cometary mission Rosetta will offer a unique opportunity, during a rendezvous encounter from aphelion to perihelion, for the extended and detailed in situ observations of a target comet. It will also act as a valuable focus on the nature and role of comets in both the origin and development of the Solar System.

scholarly journals Aggregation functions: Construction methods, conjunctive, disjunctive and mixed classes

2011 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Grabisch ◽  
Jean-Luc Marichal ◽  
Radko Mesiar ◽  
Endre Pap
Keyword(s):  
Construction Methods ◽  
Aggregation Functions ◽  
Mixed Classes

scholarly journals Learning Diverse Stochastic Human-Action Generators by Learning Smooth Latent Transitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 12281-12288
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Wang ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Ruiyi Zhang ◽  
Yufan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Motion Generation ◽  
Action Sequence ◽  
Sequence Generation ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Mixed Classes ◽  
Standard Action ◽  
Net Framework

Human-motion generation is a long-standing challenging task due to the requirement of accurately modeling complex and diverse dynamic patterns. Most existing methods adopt sequence models such as RNN to directly model transitions in the original action space. Due to high dimensionality and potential noise, such modeling of action transitions is particularly challenging. In this paper, we focus on skeleton-based action generation and propose to model smooth and diverse transitions on a latent space of action sequences with much lower dimensionality. Conditioned on a latent sequence, actions are generated by a frame-wise decoder shared by all latent action-poses. Specifically, an implicit RNN is defined to model smooth latent sequences, whose randomness (diversity) is controlled by noise from the input. Different from standard action-prediction methods, our model can generate action sequences from pure noise without any conditional action poses. Remarkably, it can also generate unseen actions from mixed classes during training. Our model is learned with a bi-directional generative-adversarial-net framework, which can not only generate diverse action sequences of a particular class or mix classes, but also learns to classify action sequences within the same model. Experimental results show the superiority of our method in both diverse action-sequence generation and classification, relative to existing methods.

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