scholarly journals Occupational exposure to roadway emissions and inside informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa: A pilot study in Nairobi, Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole S. Ngo ◽  
Michael Gatari ◽  
Beizhan Yan ◽  
Steven N. Chillrud ◽  
Kheira Bouhamam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Access to improved sanitation facilities in low-income informal settlements of East African cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Okurut ◽  
R. N. Kulabako ◽  
P. Abbott ◽  
J. M. Adogo ◽  
J. Chenoweth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Joint Monitoring ◽  
Sub Saharan

Throughout Africa, the population in urban areas is increasing rapidly, often exceeding the capacity and the resources of the cities and towns to accommodate the people. In sub-Saharan Africa, the majority of urban dwellers live in informal settlements served by inadequate sanitation facilities. These settlements present unique challenges to the provision of sustainable and hygienic sanitation, and there is insufficient information on access to improved facilities. This paper reports findings of a study undertaken in low-income informal settlements using a mixed methods approach to assess access to sanitation and identify the barriers to household uptake of improved sanitation facilities. More than half of the respondents (59.7%) reported using sanitation facilities that are included in the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme definition of improved sanitation. However, a high proportion of these facilities did not provide access to basic sanitation. Less than 5% of all the respondents did not report problems related to sustainable access to basic sanitation. The findings highlight the urgent need to develop specific and strategic interventions for each low-income informal settlement, to upscale the sustainable access and use of improved sanitation in urban centres.

scholarly journals Feasibility and acceptability of financial incentives and peer-led life skills training for improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents living with HIV in Rwanda: A pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majdi Osman ◽  
Simon Pierre Niyonsenga ◽  
Manasi Sharma ◽  
Rebecca Hope ◽  
Shannon Milroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Life Skills Training ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the leading cause of death among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the long-term benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART), adherence remains low among adolescents due to challenges related to cost, acquisition, and treatment regimen. Sub-optimal adherence to ART is associated with the development of viral resistance, treatment failure, and increased morbidity and mortality. Financial incentives and life skills training interventions have shown early promise in motivating protective behaviors, however, gaps still remain around effective and innovative ways to motivate adolescents to stay in HIV care. In partnership with youth, we developed an intervention to address their social and financial pressures in order to promote adherence. Methods A human-centered design approach was utilized to engage adolescents in the initial design of the intervention. Through random sampling, 72 adolescents ages 12–19 were then recruited from two clinics in Rwanda for the pilot study. Adolescents participated in three monthly peer-led life skills trainings at clinics and received financial incentives via mobile money upon clinic attendance and demonstration of suppressed viral load. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with adolescents, healthcare workers, and caregivers to understand their experiences with the intervention. Results Participants responded favorably to the intervention because of the psychosocial, financial, and health benefits it provided. Caregivers felt that adolescents’ moods, attitudes, and overall well-being improved over time. Adolescents used funds to purchase school supplies and save for investments, thus mitigating their financial burdens. Additionally, we learned that logistical challenges such as SIM card registration and mobile phone access must be considered for scale-up of the intervention. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first intervention designed in partnership with youth in sub-Saharan Africa aimed at removing financial barriers to ART adherence. The findings suggest that involving youth in the design of programs, providing them with financial incentives, and training them to use and invest their money wisely has a positive effect on them and their families. Thus, to improve adherence to ART and retention in care among HIV-positive youth, it is critical to address their socioeconomic and psychosocial needs.

Hospital Management Practices and Availability of Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Pilot Study of Three Hospitals

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2520-2528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke M. Funk ◽  
Dante M. Conley ◽  
William R. Berry ◽  
Atul A. Gawande
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hospital Management ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Transition Management for Improving the Sustainability of WASH Services in Informal Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa—An Exploration

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Silvestri ◽  
Julia Wittmayer ◽  
Karlijn Schipper ◽  
Robinah Kulabako ◽  
Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Transition Management ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Sub Saharan

This paper explores how transition management processes can be designed to address the unsustainability of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in informal settlements in cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The unsustainability of services related to WASH in informal settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa is deeply embedded in current societal and governance structures, cultures, and practices; it is context-dependent and involves numerous actors with different interests. Based on a literature review and empirical work in Arusha (Tanzania), Dodowa (Ghana), and Kampala (Uganda), we identify five context dimensions that account for the unsustainability of WASH services: (a) multiplicity of WASH practices, structures, and arrangements; (b) governance capacities for WASH services and maintenance; (c) landownership for sustainable access to WASH; (d) public participation in decision-making related to WASH; and (e) socio-economic inequalities governing access to WASH. These dimensions pose numerous conceptual and application challenges for transition management. Based on these challenges, recommendations are formulated for the design of a contextualized, participatory transition management process that is not only functional, but also emancipatory.

Headache burden in a HIV population of sub-Saharan Africa: scope and implications from a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S2) ◽  
pp. 493-494
Author(s):  
Luca Giani ◽  
Monica Mwazangati ◽  
Derya Uluduz ◽  
Tayyar Şaşmaz ◽  
Maureen Kamponda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in sub-Saharan Africa: a pilot study in Cameroon

BMC Neurology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgette D Kanmogne ◽  
Callixte T Kuate ◽  
Lucette A Cysique ◽  
Julius Y Fonsah ◽  
Sabine Eta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Playing by the rules? New institutionalism, path dependency and informal settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2558-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlement ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Path Dependency ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Way

The scale of contemporary urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa has culminated in the proliferation of informal settlements, with governments claiming a legitimate right to remove them. Drawing on new institutionalism as a conceptual framework and presenting the case of Old Fadama, an informal settlement within central Accra in Ghana, this paper sheds light on the way in which both formal and informal rules shape these legally unauthorized spaces. Using the analogy of a game, the author devises a novel typology to highlight the way in which different players maximize their personal advantage from maintaining the status quo. The paper concludes that as long as different interests are served by the existing socio-political arrangements then path dependency will endure, with government officials as the dominant playmaker in the locality ultimately controlling the rules and pace of the game.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document