An improved decomposition method to differentiate meteorological and anthropogenic effects on air pollution: A national study in China during the COVID-19 lockdown period

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 118270
Author(s):  
Yushan Song ◽  
Changqing Lin ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Alexis K.H. Lau ◽  
Jimmy C.H. Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
National Study

Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Giulia Grande ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Petter L.S. Ljungman ◽  
Massimo Stafoggia ◽  
Tom Bellander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
National Study ◽  
Piecewise Regression ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Restricted Cubic Splines

Background: A growing but contrasting evidence relates air pollution to cognitive decline. The role of cerebrovascular diseases in amplifying this risk is unclear. Objectives: 1) Investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and cognitive decline; 2) Test whether cerebrovascular diseases amplify this association. Methods: We examined 2,253 participants of the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). One major air pollutant (particulate matter ≤2.5μm, PM2.5) was assessed yearly from 1990, using dispersion models for outdoor levels at residential addresses. The speed of cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) was estimated as the rate of MMSE decline (linear mixed models) and further dichotomized into the upper (25%fastest cognitive decline), versus the three lower quartiles. The cognitive scores were used to calculate the odds of fast cognitive decline per levels of PM2.5 using regression models and considering linear and restricted cubic splines of 10 years exposure before the baseline. The potential modifier effect of cerebrovascular diseases was tested by adding an interaction term in the model. Results: We observed an inverted U-shape relationship between PM2.5 and cognitive decline. The multi-adjusted piecewise regression model showed an increased OR of fast cognitive decline of 81%(95%CI = 1.2–3.2) per interquartile range difference up to mean PM2.5 level (8.6μg/m3) for individuals older than 80. Above such level we observed no further risk increase (OR = 0.89;95%CI = 0.74–1.06). The presence of cerebrovascular diseases further increased such risk by 6%. Conclusion: Low to mean PM2.5 levels were associated with higher risk of accelerated cognitive decline. Cerebrovascular diseases further amplified such risk.

An Environmental Justice Analysis of British Air Quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Mitchell ◽  
Danny Dorling
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
National Study ◽  
Environmental Injustice ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

This paper presents the results of the first national study of air quality in Britain to consider the implications of its distribution across over ten thousand local communities in terms of potential environmental injustice. We consider the recent history of the environmental justice debate in Britain, Europe, and the USA and, in the light of this, estimate how one aspect of air pollution, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels, affects different population groups differentially across Britain. We also estimate the extent to which people living in each community in Britain contribute towards this pollution, with the aid of information on the characteristics of the vehicles they own. We find that, although community NO x emission and ambient NO2 concentration are strongly related, the communities that have access to fewest cars tend to suffer from the highest levels of air pollution, whereas those in which car ownership is greatest enjoy the cleanest air. Pollution is most concentrated in areas where young children and their parents are more likely to live and least concentrated in areas to which the elderly tend to migrate. Those communities that are most polluted and which also emit the least pollution tend to be amongst the poorest in Britain. There is therefore evidence of environmental injustice in the distribution and production of poor air quality in Britain. However, the spatial distribution of those who produce and receive most of that pollution have to be considered simultaneously to see this injustice clearly.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION AND THE RISK OF DEMENTIA: THE ROLE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S119-S119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Rizzuto ◽  
Giulia Grande ◽  
Petter Ljungman ◽  
Tom Bellander
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
National Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Aim: We aimed to investigate the association between long-term air pollution and cognitive decline and dementia, and to clarify the role of CVD on the studied association. Methods: We examined 3150 dementia-free 60+ year-olds in the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, Stockholm for up to 13 years, during which 363 persons developed dementia. Outdoor air pollution levels at the home address were assessed yearly for all participants, using a dispersion model for nitrogen oxides (NOX), mainly emitted from road traffic. Mixed-effect linear regression models were used to quantify the association between air pollution and cognitive decline (with the Mini Mental State Examination). The risk of dementia, in keeping with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV edition, was estimated using competing-risks models, considering death as competing event, and considering an exposure window 0-5 years before a year at risk. Stratified analyses by CVD were also performed. Results: Higher levels of traffic-related residential air pollution were associated with steeper cognitive decline over the follow-up period. After controlling for potential confounders, higher levels of air pollution were associated with increased risk of dementia (HR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.05-1.22, for an µg/m3 unit increase NOX). The stratified analyses showed that the presence of CVD enhanced the effect of air pollution on dementia risk. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution was associated with a higher risk of dementia. Cardiovascular disease might have played a role in this association.

scholarly journals The Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollutants on Childhood Asthma Hospitalization in Taiwan: A National Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yen Kuo ◽  
Chin-Kan Chan ◽  
Chiung-Yi Wu ◽  
Dinh-Van Phan ◽  
Chien-Lung Chan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
National Study ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Asthma Hospitalization

This investigation determined the effects of air pollution on childhood asthma hospitalization in regions with differing air pollution levels in Taiwan over a long time period. Data of childhood hospital admissions for asthma in patients aged 0–18 years and air quality in eight regions for the period 2001–2012 in Taiwan were collected. Poisson generalized linear regression analysis was employed to identify the relative risks of hospitalization due to asthma in children associated with exposure to varying levels of air pollutants with a change in the interquartile range after adjusting for temperature and relative humidity. Particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), were positively associated with childhood asthma hospitalization, while O3 was negatively associated with childhood asthma hospitalization. SO2 was identified as the most significant risk factor. The relative risks for asthma hospitalization associated with air pollutants were higher among children aged 0–5 years than aged 6–18 years and were higher among males than females. The effects of air pollution on childhood asthma were greater in the higher-level air pollution regions, while no association was observed in the lower-level air pollution regions. These findings may prove important for policymakers involved in implementing policies to reduce air pollution.

Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Grande ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Petter L.S. Ljungman ◽  
Massimo Stafoggia ◽  
Tom Bellander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
National Study ◽  
Piecewise Regression ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Particulate Matter 2.5

Background: A growing but contrasting evidence relates air pollution to cognitive decline. The role of cerebrovascular diseases in amplifying this risk is unclear. Objectives: 1) Investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and cognitive decline; 2) Test whether cerebrovascular diseases amplify this association. Methods: We examined 2,253 participants of the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). One major air pollutant (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm, PM2.5) was assessed yearly from 1990, using dispersion models for outdoor levels at residential addresses. The speed of cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) was estimated as the rate of MMSE decline (linear mixed models) and further dichotomized into the upper (25% fastest cognitive decline), versus the three lower quartiles. The cognitive scores were used to calculate the odds of fast cognitive decline per levels of PM2.5 using regression models and considering linear and restricted cubic splines of 10 years exposure before the baseline. The potential modifier effect of cerebrovascular diseases was tested by adding an interaction term in the model. Results: We observed an inverted U-shape relationship between PM2.5 and cognitive decline. The multi-adjusted piecewise regression model showed an increased OR of fast cognitive decline of 81%(95%CI = 1.2–3.2) per interquartile range difference up to mean PM2.5 level (8.6 μg/m3) for individuals older than 80. Above such level we observed no further risk increase (OR = 0.89;95%CI = 0.74–1.06). The presence of cerebrovascular diseases further increased such risk by 6%. Conclusion: Low to mean PM2.5 levels were associated with higher risk of accelerated cognitive decline. Cerebrovascular diseases further amplified such risk.

scholarly journals A national study of the association between traffic-related air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Canada, 1999–2008

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 513-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Stieb ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Perry Hystad ◽  
Bernardo S. Beckerman ◽  
Michael Jerrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
National Study ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

scholarly journals Association between perceived environmental pollution and health among urban and rural residents-A Chinese national study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Good Health ◽  
National Study ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents

Abstract Background: China’s economic boom has led to severe environmental pollution, which has created significant health risks for residents. Although current studies have found urban residents can sense the harmful effects of environmental pollution in China, few studies have talked about their rural counterparts’ attitudes towards the health impacts of environmental pollution. Similarly, little research has talked about the inequality of environmental awareness between urban and rural residents. Methods: Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for the data analyses based on a national survey, namely, The 3rd Survey on the Status of Chinese Women in 2010, which was jointly conducted by the All China Women's Federation and the China Statistical Bureau in 2010. A total of 24741observations were selected. Results: Among urban residents, 67.21% reported that their total health was good, which was 1.35% lower than the reported rate of their rural counterparts; 25.88% of urban residents reported that their total health was general, which was nearly 3% higher than the reported rate of their rural counterparts; 6.91% of urban residents reported that their total health was poor, which was 1.63% lower than the reported rate of their rural counterparts. The study also found that the rates of urban residents who perceived air pollution (35.67%), water pollution (17.96%), garbage pollution (25.05%), and noise pollution (32.05%) were higher than those of their rural counterparts. Perceived air pollution, and perceived noise pollution both had a negative effect on urban residents’ good health (B=-0.14, p<0.05; B=-0.23, p<0.001). Perceived garbage pollution had a positive effect on urban residents’ poor health (B=0.33, p<0.01). Perceived water pollution had no significant effect on urban residents’ health. The four types of perceived environmental pollution all had insignificant effects on rural residents’ health. Conclusions: Rural residents lack awareness of the impacts of environmental pollution on health, which may create risks and vulnerability within the rural environment and the livelihood of these residents. Great attention should be paid to the impacts of environmental pollution on the health of not only urban residents but also rural residents, which will highly improve the support of green development among the public in China.

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