Ecological traits and landscape characteristics predicting bird sensitivity to urbanization in city parks

In the recent five years, City parks have been developing rapidly in urban cities in Indonesia. Built in 2007, Taman Gajah Tunggal is one of the city parks located in Tangerang. This park is situated at The Center of Tangerang City on the edge of Cisadane River. Like many public spaces in Indonesia, this park has littering issues by visitors’ lack of care. This re- search is offered to develop social marketing by using a digital game for gaining awareness of Taman Gajah Tunggal’s visitors age 17-30 years old about littering issues. This paper focused on developing the prototyping process in iteration design method by using a digital game to suggest possibilities design for future development interactive installation design in public space which can bring a new experience.

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Estimation of Regional Parameters in a Macro Scale Hydrological Model

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2001.0010 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 161-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kolbjørn Engeland ◽

Lars Gottschalk ◽

Lena Tallaksen

Keyword(s):

Additional Data ◽

Hydrological Model ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Probability Distributions ◽

Repeated Application ◽

Landscape Characteristics ◽

Time Period ◽

Macro Scale ◽

Model Element ◽

Regular Sampling

Macro-scale hydrological modelling implies a repeated application of a model within an area using regional parameters. These parameters are based on climate and landscape characteristics, and they are used to calculate the water balance in ungauged areas. The regional parameters ought to be robust and not too dependent of the catchment and time period used for calibration. The ECOMAG model is applied for the NOPEX-region as a macro-scale hydrological model distributed on a 2×2 km2 grid. Each model element is assigned parameters according to soil and vegetation classes. A Bayesian methodology is followed. An objective function describing the fit between observed and simulated values is used to describe the likelihood of the parameters. Using Baye's theorem these likelihoods are used to update the probability distributions of the parameters using additional data, being it either an additional year of streamflow or an additional streamflow station. Two sampling methods are used, regular sampling and Metropolis-Hastings sampling. The results show that regional parameters exist according to some predefined criteria. The probability distribution of the parameters shows a decreasing variance as data from new catchments are used for updating. A few parameters do, however, not exhibit this property, and they are therefore not suitable in a regional context.

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Behavior-based control of insect crop pests

10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0020 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sandra A. Allan

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Insect Behavior ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Ecological Traits ◽

Crop Pests ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Crop Development

Manipulation of insect behavior can provide the foundation for effective strategies for control of insect crop pests. A detailed understanding of life cycles and the behavioral repertoires of insect pests is essential for development of this approach. A variety of strategies have been developed based on behavioral manipulation and include mass trapping, attract-and-kill, auto-dissemination, mating and host plant location disruption, and push-pull. Insight into application of these strategies for insect pests within Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera/Thysanoptera are provided, but first with an overview of economic damage and traditional control approaches, and overview of relevant behavioral/ecological traits. Then examples are provided of how these different control strategies are applied for each taxonomic group. The future of these approaches in the context of altered crop development for repellency or as anti-feedants, the effects of climate change and the risks of behaviorally-based methods are discussed.

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Landscape Design as a Tool to Reduce Soil Salinization: The Study Case of Keriya Oasis (NW China)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092578 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2578

Author(s):

Jumeniyaz Seydehmet ◽

Guang-Hui Lv ◽

Abdugheni Abliz

Keyword(s):

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Land Reclamation ◽

Sand Dunes ◽

Soil Salinization ◽

Landscape Design ◽

Adaptive Landscape ◽

Farmland Abandonment ◽

Landscape Characteristics ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Water Logging

Irrational use and management of water and land are associated with poor hydro-geological conditions causing water logging and salinization problems, possibly leading to farmland abandonment and economic loss. This poses a great challenge to the sustainability of oasis’ and requires desalinization through reasonable landscape design by multiple crossing studies so we collected traditional knowledge by field interviews and literature schemes, except for the modern desalinization approaches by literature, and we found that the salinization problem has been solved by traditional land reclamation, traditional drainage, natural drainage and flood irrigation, locally. It is worth mentioning that the traditional reclamation in salinized areas requires flood water, sand dunes and a salinized pit area; the sand dunes are used to elevate the pit surface, and water is used to leach salt from the soil. Natural drainage (the depth and width are 4–10 m and 50–100 m, respectively) caused by flash flooding has significant benefits to some salinized villages in the range of 3000–5000 m and ancient groundwater drainage systems, such as Karez are supporting the oasis with drainage water for centuries. In addition landscape characteristics, salinization and hydro-geological conditions of the oasis were studied from Landsat image, DEM, literature and field photos. Then based on the gathered information above, a desalinization model was developed to decrease the groundwater table and salt leaching in the water logging landscape. Then according to landscape characteristics, different desalinization approaches were recommended for different landscapes. To address environmental uncertainties, an adaptive landscape management and refinement approach was developed, and acceptance of the model was validated by stakeholder opinion. The results provide guidelines for sustainable desalinization design and highlight the importance of combining traditional knowledge and modern ecological principles in sustainable landscape design.

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Spatial Analysis of the Drivers, Characteristics, and Effects of Forest Fragmentation

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13063246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 3246

Author(s):

Zoe Slattery ◽

Richard Fenner

Keyword(s):

Forest Fragmentation ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Agricultural Expansion ◽

Forest Patches ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Remote Imaging ◽

Landscape Characteristics ◽

High Level

Building on the existing literature, this study examines whether specific drivers of forest fragmentation cause particular fragmentation characteristics, and how these characteristics can be linked to their effects on forest-dwelling species. This research uses Landsat remote imaging to examine the changing patterns of forests. It focuses on areas which have undergone a high level of a specific fragmentation driver, in particular either agricultural expansion or commodity-driven deforestation. Seven municipalities in the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso in Brazil are selected as case study areas, as these states experienced a high level of commodity-driven deforestation and agricultural expansion respectively. Land cover maps of each municipality are created using the Geographical Information System software ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension. The resulting categorical maps are input into Fragstats fragmentation software to calculate quantifiable fragmentation metrics for each municipality. To determine the effects that these characteristics are likely to cause, this study uses a literature review to determine how species traits affect their responses to forest fragmentation. Results indicate that, in areas that underwent agricultural expansion, the remaining forest patches became more complex in shape with longer edges and lost a large amount of core area. This negatively affects species which are either highly dispersive or specialist to core forest habitat. In areas that underwent commodity-driven deforestation, it was more likely that forest patches would become less aggregated and create disjunct core areas. This negatively affects smaller, sedentary animals which do not naturally travel long distances. This study is significant in that it links individual fragmentation drivers to their landscape characteristics, and in turn uses these to predict effects on species with particular traits. This information will prove useful for forest managers, particularly in the case study municipalities examined in this study, in deciding which species require further protection measures. The methodology could be applied to other drivers of forest fragmentation such as forest fires.

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