Metering equipment running error estimation model based on genetic optimized LM algorithm

The current method of smart meter verification relies on manual regular sampling inspection, which is heavy in workload and poor in real-time, and can’t fully monitor all the equipments. Therefore, a remote real-time error monitoring algorithm is indispensable. We propose a smart meter error estimation model based on genetic optimized Levenberg-Marquarelt (LM) algorithm. Firstly, based on the law of conservation of energy, the relationship between smart meter error and electricity consumption is established. Then, LM algorithm is optimized based on genetic algorithm and used to estimate the operating error of electricity meter. Finally, we used the actual data of the pilot cities in a province for the experiment. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of smart meter error estimation.

Toehold mediated strand displacement to measure released product from self-cleaving ribozymes

This paper presents a probe comprising a fluorophore and a quencher, enabling measurement of released product from self-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme, without labeled RNA molecules, regular sampling or use of polyacrylamide gels. The probe is made of two DNA strands; one strand is labelled with a fluorophore at its 5′-end, while the other strand is labelled with a quencher at its 3′-end. These two DNA strands are perfectly complementary, but with a 3′-overhang of the fluorophore strand. These unpaired nucleotides act as a toehold, which is utilized by a detached cleaved fragment (coming from a self-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme) as the starting point for a strand displacement reaction. This reaction causes the separation of the fluorophore strand from the quencher strand, culminating in fluorescence, detectable in a plate reader. Notably, the emitted fluorescence is proportional to the amount of detached cleaved-off RNAs, displacing the DNA quencher strand. This method can replace or complement radio-hazardous unstable 32P as a method of measurement of the product release from ribozyme cleavage reactions; it also eliminates the need for polyacrylamide gels, for the same purpose. Critically, this method allows to distinguish between the total amount of cleaved ribozymes and the amount of detached fragments, resulting from that cleavage reaction.

LOTVS: a global collection of permanent vegetation plots

Analysing temporal patterns in plant communities is extremely important to quantify the extent and the consequences of ecological changes, especially considering the current biodiversity crisis. Long-term data collected through the regular sampling of permanent plots represent the most accurate resource to study ecological succession, analyse the stability of a community over time and understand the mechanisms driving vegetation change. We hereby present the LOng-Term Vegetation Sampling (LOTVS) initiative, a global collection of vegetation time-series derived from the regular monitoring of vascular plants in permanent plots. With 79 datasets from five continents and 7789 vegetation time-series monitored for at least six years and mostly on an annual basis, LOTVS possibly represents the largest collection of temporally fine-grained vegetation time-series derived from permanent plots and made accessible to the research community. As such, it has an outstanding potential to support innovative research in the fields of vegetation science, plant ecology and temporal ecology.

Ecological Study of Aquaponics Bacterial Microbiota over the Course of a Lettuce Growth Cycle

The study of microorganisms in aquaponics is an important topic which requires more research before exploiting the full potential of beneficial microorganisms. In this experiment, we focused on the evolution over time of the bacterial communities in four compartments of an aquaponic system i.e., the sump, the biofilter, the lettuce rhizoplane and lettuce root. We studied these communities over the course of a lettuce growth cycle via regular sampling and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the collected bacteria. We also followed the physicochemical parameters of the aquaponic water throughout the experiment. Results show that a different community could be found in each compartment and that all four communities were stable throughout time and resilient to naturally occurring water parameter changes which characterize functioning aquaponic systems. Furthermore, the communities of the sump and biofilter also seem stable over the years as the predominant taxa (Luteolibacter, Flavobacterium, Nitrospira) observed in our study are similar to the ones previously reported for this aquaponic system. Finally, our results provide proof for similarities between aquaponic and soil borne lettuce root communities (gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae) thus showing that aquaponics can be similar to soil production in terms of microbial life.

Tight bounds on the mutual coherence of sensing matrices for Wigner D-functions on regular grids

Many practical sampling patterns for function approximation on the rotation group utilizes regular samples on the parameter axes. In this paper, we analyze the mutual coherence for sensing matrices that correspond to a class of regular patterns to angular momentum analysis in quantum mechanics and provide simple lower bounds for it. The products of Wigner d-functions, which appear in coherence analysis, arise in angular momentum analysis in quantum mechanics. We first represent the product as a linear combination of a single Wigner d-function and angular momentum coefficients, otherwise known as the Wigner 3j symbols. Using combinatorial identities, we show that under certain conditions on the bandwidth and number of samples, the inner product of the columns of the sensing matrix at zero orders, which is equal to the inner product of two Legendre polynomials, dominates the mutual coherence term and fixes a lower bound for it. In other words, for a class of regular sampling patterns, we provide a lower bound for the inner product of the columns of the sensing matrix that can be analytically computed. We verify numerically our theoretical results and show that the lower bound for the mutual coherence is larger than Welch bound. Besides, we provide algorithms that can achieve the lower bound for spherical harmonics.

Missing trace reconstruction for 2D land seismic data with randomized sparse sampling

Acquisition of high-quality land seismic data requires (expensive) dense source and receiver geometries to avoid aliasing-related problems. Alternatively, acquisition using the concept of compressive sensing (CS) allows for similarly high quality land seismic data using fewer measurements provided that the designed geometry and sparse recovery strategy are well matched. We propose a complex wavelet-based sparsity-promoting wavefield reconstruction strategy to overcome challenges in land seismic data interpolation using the CS framework. Despite having lower angular sensitivity than curvelets, complex wavelets improve the reconstruction of sparsely acquired land data while being faster and requiring less storage. Unlike the Fourier transform, the complex wavelet transform localizes aliasing-related artifacts likely to be present in field data, and yields reconstructions with fewer artifacts and higher signal-to-noise ratios. We demonstrate that the data recovery success depends on both the number and the geometry of the missing traces as revealed by analyzing reconstructions from multiple realizations of trace geometry and data decimation ratios. Using half the number of traces required by the regular sampling rules and thus reducing the acquisition costs, we show that data are appropriately reconstructed provided that there are no big gaps in the strategic places.

Sampling theorem of satellite gravimetry from the perspective of the Bender configuration

<p>Satellites in different orbital configurations acquire gravity signals differently. Thus, a difference in admissible spectral coefficients can be expected when the orbital geometry changes. A simple illustration of this phenomenon is seen in the Bender configuration of two GRACE-like satellite pairs - polar and inclined. In the Bender configuration, the polar pair covers the entire globe. In contrast, the inclined pair does not cover the higher latitudes leaving a local discontinuity around the poles in the acquired signal (better known as the <em>Polar Gap problem</em>). Similarly, due to its north-south orientation, the polar pair can capture the features that are predominantly oriented in the east-west direction. Trying to understand better the relationship between satellite geometry and signal acquisition led us to take our first steps in the direction of a unified sampling theory in satellite gravimetry. To this end, we employed the concepts behind the rotation of spherical harmonic coefficients built upon Inclination functions to express the geopotential functionals. Our work utilizes the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram based approach to ascertain limiting frequencies from the systemic quasi-regular sampling net formed on the satellite torus contrary to interpolation and FFT based techniques used in earlier such research endeavors. Through our work, we aim at improving our understanding of how the transformation of the geopotential occurs from the global to the spectral domain. We hope that this will help design future satellite missions with geometries best suited for their objective based on the precise determination of essential spectral coefficients.</p>

Regional soil geochemistry for Sb and Hg in Guadalmez and Almadén synclines, South-Central Spain

<p>The geochemical similarities between Hg and Sb (along with W and As), have produced ore deposits in which both elements are present. In the present work we investigate the relationships between the Sb deposits of the Guadalmez synclinal and the Hg deposits of the Almadén synclinal, separated only 8 kilometres. To accomplish this porpoise a regular sampling grid was used, locating samples in each square (4 km2) according to lithologic criteria. In total, 116 soil samples have been taken at two depths using an Ejkelkamp sampler. The samples have been taken in an area of around 100 m2 around the set point at different depths, sample A at 2-15 cm and sample B at 15-30 cm. Each sample represents a composite sample of 3 subsamples taken at different but close locations, randomly chosen. The preparation of the samples has included drying at room temperature to avoid Hg losses, as well as its disaggregation and homogenization, prior to obtaining an aliquot of 100 grams that was ground in agate mortar until obtaining a grain size of less than 100 microns. The geochemical characterization of the samples included the analysis by energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) to obtain the concentrations of major and trace elements. Total Hg data has obtained by means of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry using a Lumex equipment with a pyrolysis attachment. The distribution of Sb and Hg contents in the two synclines studied has not shown appreciable similarities. The highest concentrations of Sb have been found in the Guadalmez syncline, where the known mines of La Balanzona and Accesos are located. A particularly anomalous zone has been located in the southeaster zone of the Guadalmez synclinal, in the Ordovician age materials. Elevated Sb contents have also been found in the Almadén syncline, especially in the western zone without an observable predominance by lithology using a 4 km² grid size that could be less sensitive to scarces lithologies (e.g dykes). The Hg distribution, on the other hand, offers its maximum contents, as expected, in the Almadén syncline, particularly at the southeast part. Some anomalous Hg values have been found in Devonian materials of Guadalmez syncline. Concentrations of Cr and Ni are clearly related with the volcanic rocks of Almadén syncline, as well as with the presence of diabase intrusions in the Guadalmez syncline. Considering the age, a higher variability is observed in Hg contents than in Sb, especially in Devonian materials. Sb contents show little variability in general, but this is appreciable in the Ordovician materials of the Gualdamez syncline.</p><p>This work was funded by the ANR (ANR-19-MIN2-0002-01), the AEI (MICIU/AEI/REF.: PCI2019-103779) and author’s institutions in the framework of the ERA-MIN2 AUREOLE project, as well as by Project SBPLY/17/180501/000273, Consejería de Educación, Regional Government of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.</p>

Evaluación preliminar de la Variabilidad de la Frecuencia Cardiaca de Pacientes con Fibrilación Auricular Paroxística y Apnea Obstructiva Barra lateral del artículo

This paper describes the processing of electrocardiographic (ECG) signals from 16 patients diagnosed with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) classified as either moderate or severe by respiratory polygraphy. Processing goes from acquisition up to the analysis of their heart rate variability (HRV), where original computer scripts written in MATLAB R2020b are used within scripts adapted from other research groups. Computer processing included linear resampling, noise suppression, R-wave detection, misidentified peaks correction, tachogram resampling at a constant period and trend removal. Regular sampling is mandatory for Fourier analysis through Welch’s periodogram. Once the spectral power was estimated, the HRV was evaluated before, during and after an apnea episode. The behavior of the HRV was compared to the group of patients with moderate SAHS against those with severe SAHS. When comparing the groups at post-apnea stage, significant differences were found in the normalized low-frequency band (LF: 0.04–0.15Hz, p=0.0183), and also in the normalized high frequency band (HF: 0.15–0.4 Hz, p=0.0182), which suggests that in patients with severe SAHS the sympathetic activity is higher (power in LF band), which in turn presupposes that the autonomic nervous system is in frequent alertness, which has been associated with high cardiovascular risk.