Long-term effects of pre-gestational stress and perinatal venlafaxine treatment on neurobehavioral development of female offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. 112944
Author(s):  
Kristína Belovičová ◽  
Eva Šimončičová ◽  
Mireia Viňas Noguera ◽  
Michal Dubovický ◽  
Eszter Bögi
Keyword(s):  
Female Offspring ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Gestational Stress

Empirical studies of effects of EDC on reproductive physiology (particularly in females)

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 231-231
Author(s):  
H M Picton
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Over recent years increasing evidence suggests that xeno-oestrogens including alkylphenols, such as nonylphenol and octlyphenol (OP), may represent a threat to the health and reproductive function of humans, domestic animals and wildlife populations. To date most attention has focused on the effect of these endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) on male reproductive health. In contrast, hardly any attention has been paid to the potential adverse effects that these compounds may exert in females, where the end points are easier to measure than in males, and where oestrogen modulated diseases such as breast cancer, are of such importance to humans. This is also despite evidence from a number of species, including humans, that exposure in utero to the potent synthetic oestrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) has profound and long-term effects on ovarian morphology, folliculogenesis, fertility, and pregnancy outcome of female offspring.

Prenatal programming of adult blood pressure: role of maternal corticosteroids

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. R955-R962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori L. Woods ◽  
Douglas A. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Glucocorticoid Administration ◽  
Blood Pressures

Both maternal glucocorticoid administration and maternal dietary protein or food restriction in pregnancy cause fewer nephrons and hypertension in the adult offspring. The purpose of these studies was to determine the extent to which nutritional factors contribute to programming of offspring hypertension by maternal glucocorticoids. Pregnant rats were treated with dexamethasone (100 μg·kg−1·d−1sc) on days 1–10 (ED) or days 15–20 (LD) of pregnancy. Additional groups of pregnant animals were pair fed to the early (EDPF) and late (LDPF) dexamethasone-treated groups, and another group was untreated or given vehicle (C). The dams treated with dexamethasone reduced their food intake and lost or failed to gain a normal amount of weight during treatment; body weights of ED dams caught up to normal after the treatment period, whereas those of LD dams did not. In adulthood (∼21 wks), chronically instrumented male offspring of ED had normal blood pressures (125 ± 2 mmHg vs. 126 ± 1 mmHg in C), whereas LD offspring were hypertensive (136 ± 3 mmHg). However, LDPF offspring were equally hypertensive (134 ± 2 mmHg). Glomerular filtration rates normalized to body weight were not significantly different among groups. Qualitatively similar results were found in female offspring. Thus the long-term effects of maternal glucocorticoid administration at this dose on offspring’s blood pressure may, in large part, be accounted for by the reduction in maternal food intake. These data suggest that maternal glucocorticoids and maternal food or protein restriction may, at least in part, share a common mechanism in programming offspring for hypertension. The window of sensitivity of future offspring blood pressure to either maternal insult coincides with nephrogenesis in the rat, suggesting that impaired renal development could play an important role in this programming.

Effects of hypoxia-induced intrauterine growth restriction on cardiac siderosis and oxidative stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Rueda-Clausen ◽  
J. S. Morton ◽  
G. Y. Oudit ◽  
Z. Kassiri ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Cardiac Siderosis ◽  
Myocardial Oxidative Stress

We have previously shown that adult rat offspring born intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) as a result of a prenatal hypoxic insult exhibit several cardiovascular characteristics that are compatible with common manifestations of chronic iron toxicity. As hypoxia is one of the major regulators of iron absorption and metabolism, we hypothesized that hypoxia-induced IUGR offspring will have long-term changes in their ability to regulate iron metabolism leading to myocardial iron deposition and induction of myocardial oxidative stress. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to control (n = 8) or maternal hypoxia (11.5% oxygen; n = 8) during the last 6 days of pregnancy. At birth, litters were reduced to eight pups (four male and four female). At 4 or 12 months of age, offspring were euthanatized and samples (blood and myocardium) were collected. In only the male offspring, IUGR and aging were associated with an increase in myocardial markers of oxidative stress such as oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio and malondialdehyde. Aged male IUGR offspring also exhibited interstitial myocardial remodeling characterized by myocyte loss and disrupted extracellular matrix.Contrary to our hypothesis, however, neither IUGR nor aging were associated with changes in any systemic or local markers of iron metabolism. Our results suggest that hypoxic insults leading to IUGR produce long-term effects on the levels of oxidative stress and connective tissue distribution in the myocardium of male but not female offspring.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Programming of Cardiac DNA Methylation by Developmental Phthalate Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 251686572093997
Author(s):  
Laurie K Svoboda ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Raymond G Cavalcante ◽  
Kari Neier ◽  
Justin A Colacino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Human Heart Failure ◽  
Dehp Exposure

Phthalate plasticizers are ubiquitous chemicals linked to several cardiovascular diseases in animal models and humans. Despite this, the mechanisms by which phthalate exposures cause adverse cardiac health outcomes are unclear. In particular, whether phthalate exposures during pregnancy interfere with normal developmental programming of the cardiovascular system, and the resulting implications this may have for long-term disease risk, are unknown. Recent studies suggest that the effects of phthalates on metabolic and neurobehavioral outcomes are sex-specific. However, the influence of sex on cardiac susceptibility to phthalate exposures has not been investigated. One mechanism by which developmental exposures may influence long-term health is through altered programming of DNA methylation. In this work, we utilized an established mouse model of human-relevant perinatal exposure and enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to investigate the long-term effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure on DNA methylation in the hearts of adult male and female offspring at 5 months of age (n = 5-7 mice per sex and exposure). Perinatal DEHP exposure led to hundreds of sex-specific, differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the heart. Pathway analysis of DMCs revealed enrichment for several pathways in females, including insulin signaling, regulation of histone methylation, and tyrosine phosphatase activity. In males, DMCs were enriched for glucose transport, energy generation, and developmental programs. Notably, many sex-specific genes differentially methylated with DEHP exposure in our mouse model were also differentially methylated in published data of heart tissues collected from human heart failure patients. Together, these data highlight the potential role for DNA methylation in DEHP-induced cardiac effects and emphasize the importance of sex as a biological variable in environmental health studies.

Long-term effects of lanthanum intake on the neurobehavioral development of the rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
L FENG ◽  
H XIAO ◽  
X HE ◽  
Z LI ◽  
F LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development

scholarly journals Maternal cannabis vapor exposure causes long-term alterations in emotional reactivity, social behavior, and behavioral flexibility in offspring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halle V. Weimar ◽  
Hayden R. Wright ◽  
Collin R. Warrick ◽  
Amanda M. Brown ◽  
Janelle M. Lugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Social Investigation

AbstractThe use of cannabis during pregnancy is a growing public health concern. As more states implement legislation permitting recreational cannabis use, there is an urgent need to better understand its impact on fetal neurodevelopment and its long-term effects in exposed offspring. Studies examining effects of prenatal cannabis exposure typically employ injections of synthetic cannabinoids or isolated cannabis constituents that may not accurately model cannabis use in human populations. To address this limitation, we have developed a novel e-cigarette technology-based system to deliver vaporized cannabis extracts to pregnant Long Evans rats. We used this model to determine effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on emotional, social, and cognitive endpoints of male and female offspring during early development and into adulthood. Dams were exposed to cannabis vapor (CANTHC: 400 mg/ml), vehicle vapor (VEH), or no vapor (AIR) twice daily during mating and gestation. Offspring exposed to CANTHC and VEH showed reduced weight gain relative to AIR offspring prior to weaning. CANTHC offspring made more isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) on postnatal day 6 (P6) relative to VEH-exposed offspring, which is indicative of increased emotional reactivity. Male CANTHC offspring engaged in fewer social investigation behaviors than VEH-exposed male offspring during a social play test on P26. In adulthood, CANTHC-exposed offspring spent less time exploring the open arms of the elevated plus maze and exhibited dose-dependent deficits in behavioral flexibility in an attentional set-shifting task relative to AIR controls. These data collectively indicate that prenatal cannabis exposure causes enduring effects on the behavioral profile of offspring.

Long-term effects of intrauterine malnutrition on vascular function in female offspring: Implications of oxidative stress

Life Sciences ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C.P. Franco ◽  
Eliana H. Akamine ◽  
Nancy Rebouças ◽  
Maria Helena C. Carvalho ◽  
Rita C.A. Tostes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Intrauterine Malnutrition

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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