Toluene monooxygenase from the fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum

Oregano essential oil (OEO) was evaluated to determine its effect on the growth of natural contaminating molds on the surface of Spanish fermented sausage, the development of the internal microbial population of the sausage, and the physicochemical properties of the sausage. Results indicated a dramatic reduction in the contaminant molds. At the end of ripening, the main endogenous fungal species in control samples were Mucor racemosus (55%), Aspergillus fumigatus (20.6%), Cladosporium sphaerospermum (11.1%), Acremonium strictum (7.9%), and Aspergillus niger (4.7%). In samples treated with OEO, M. racemosus and A. fumigatus were the only species isolated; the treatment was more effective against A. fumigatus than against M. racemosus. The use of OEO to inhibit surface fungi did not affect the sausage drying process, pH, water activity, or color changes during ripening. These parameters change in a typical pattern for fermented dry-cured sausages during ripening. At the end of ripening, OEO-treated sausages had lower hardness and greater chewiness than the control but showed similar textural properties to sausages treated with potassium sorbate.

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Spirocyclic cladosporicin A and cladosporiumins I and J from a Hydractinia-associated Cladosporium sphaerospermum SW67

Organic Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/c8qo01104d ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 1084-1093 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maja Rischer ◽

Seoung Rak Lee ◽

Hee Jeong Eom ◽

Hyun Bong Park ◽

John Vollmers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Cladosporium Sphaerospermum

The identification of three new spirocyclic natural products named cladosporicin A, cladosporiumins I and J from the fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum SW67 is reported.

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Fungicide‐induced melanin loss causes changes the transfer RNA modification pool in the radiation resistant fungi Cladosporium sphaerospermum

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.630.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Melissa Kelley ◽

George Yoshida ◽

Ryan Myers ◽

Kibret Alem ◽

Prathamesh Chati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transfer Rna ◽

Rna Modification ◽

Cladosporium Sphaerospermum ◽

Radiation Resistant

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Fungal Diversity in Intertidal Mudflats and Abandoned Solar Salterns as a Source for Biological Resources

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md17110601 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 601 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Heo ◽

Lee ◽

Kim ◽

Kwon ◽

Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hot Spots ◽

Fungal Diversity ◽

Novel Species ◽

Community Analysis ◽

The Yellow Sea ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Tyrosinase Inhibition ◽

Intertidal Zones ◽

Cladosporium Sphaerospermum ◽

Natural Restoration

Intertidal zones are unique environments that are known to be ecological hot spots. In this study, sediments were collected from mudflats and decommissioned salterns on three islands in the Yellow Sea of South Korea. The diversity analysis targeted both isolates and unculturable fungi via Illumina sequencing, and the natural recovery of the abandoned salterns was assessed. The phylogeny and bioactivities of the fungal isolates were investigated. The community analysis showed that the abandoned saltern in Yongyudo has not recovered to a mudflat, while the other salterns have almost recovered. The results suggested that a period of more than 35 years may be required to return abandoned salterns to mudflats via natural restoration. Gigasporales sp. and Umbelopsis sp. were selected as the indicators of mudflats. Among the 53 isolates, 18 appeared to be candidate novel species, and 28 exhibited bioactivity. Phoma sp., Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Penicillium sp. and Pseudeurotium bakeri, and Aspergillus urmiensis showed antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition, antifungal, and quorum-sensing inhibition activities, respectively, which has not been reported previously. This study provides reliable fungal diversity information for mudflats and abandoned salterns and shows that they are highly valuable for bioprospecting not only for novel microorganisms but also for novel bioactive compounds.

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Effect of fungicides on the growth of fungi isolated from in vitro propagated fruit-bearing plants

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/10482-pps ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽

pp. 329-331

Author(s):

M. Kowalik ◽

M. Gródek

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Linear Growth ◽

Linear Growth Rate ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Penicillium Verrucosum ◽

Mortierella Isabellina ◽

Cladosporium Sphaerospermum ◽

Murashige Skoog ◽

Growth Of Fungi

The aim of the work was to determine the effect of fungicides: Topsin M 70 WG, Bravo 500 SC, and Sportak 45 EC in two concentrations on the growth of fungi: Aspergillus niger, Epicoccum purpurascens, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Mortierella isabellina and Penicillium verrucosum var. verrucosum on PDA and Murashige-Skoog medium (MS). The smallest index of linear growth rate of the fungi had Topsin M 70 WG for fungi: E. purpurascens and P. verrucosum var. verrucosum on PDA and MS medium and for M. isabellina and C. sphaerospermum on MS in concentrations of 71.42 mg/l and 107.13 mg/l. The highest index of linear growth had Bravo 500 SC in concentrations of 0.5 ml/l and 0.75 ml/l on PDA for E. purpurascens and A. niger. The lowest index of linear growth on MS for E. purpurascens, C. sphaerospermum and P. verrucosum var. verrucosum was noted down. The highest effectiveness in control of linear growth all tested species of fungi was found for fungicide Sportak 45 EC in concentration of 0.55 ml/l and 0.825 ml/l on MS and PDA. Among all tested fungicides used in vitro propagation fungicides from imidazoles group are recommended.

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Effects of the halophilic fungi Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Wallemia sebi, Aureobasidium pullulans and Aspergillus nidulans on halite formed on sandstone surface

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation ◽

10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.01.016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 ◽

pp. 289-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maisa M.A. Mansour

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Nidulans ◽

Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽

Cladosporium Sphaerospermum ◽

Wallemia Sebi ◽

Halophilic Fungi

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Discovery of an Inducible Toluene Monooxygenase That Cooxidizes 1,4-Dioxane and 1,1-Dichloroethylene in Propanotrophic Azoarcus sp. Strain DD4

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01163-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (17) ◽

Author(s):

Daiyong Deng ◽

Dung Ngoc Pham ◽

Fei Li ◽

Mengyan Li

Keyword(s):

Environmental Remediation ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Chlorinated Solvents ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Groundwater Contaminants ◽

Toluene Monooxygenase ◽

Cometabolic Degradation ◽

Key Enzyme ◽

Catalytic Functions ◽

Primary Substrate

ABSTRACT Cometabolic degradation plays a prominent role in bioremediation of commingled groundwater contamination (e.g., chlorinated solvents and the solvent stabilizer 1,4-dioxane [dioxane]). In this study, we untangled the diversity and catalytic functions of multicomponent monooxygenases in Azoarcus sp. strain DD4, a Gram-negative propanotroph that is effective in degrading dioxane and 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE). Using a combination of knockout mutagenesis and heterologous expression, a toluene monooxygenase (MO) encoded by the tmoABCDEF gene cluster was unequivocally proved to be the key enzyme responsible for the cometabolism of both dioxane and 1,1-DCE. Interestingly, in addition to utilizing toluene as a primary substrate, this toluene MO can also oxidize propane into 1-propanol. Expression of this toluene MO in DD4 appears inducible by both substrates (toluene and propane) and their primary hydroxylation products (m-cresol, p-cresol, and 1-propanol). These findings coherently explain why DD4 can grow on propane and express toluene MO for active cooxidation of dioxane and 1,1-DCE. Furthermore, upregulation of tmo transcription by 1-propanol underlines the implication potential of using 1-propanol as an alternative auxiliary substrate for DD4 bioaugmentation. The discovery of this toluene MO in DD4 and its degradation and induction versatility can lead to broad applications, spanning from environmental remediation and water treatment to biocatalysis in green chemistry. IMPORTANCE Toluene MOs have been well recognized given their robust abilities to degrade a variety of environmental pollutants. Built upon previous research efforts, this study ascertained the untapped capability of a toluene MO in DD4 for effective cooxidation of dioxane and 1,1-DCE, two of the most prevailing yet challenging groundwater contaminants. This report also aligns the induction of a toluene MO with nontoxic and commercially accessible chemicals (e.g., propane and 1-propanol), extending its implications in the field of environmental microbiology and beyond.

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Indoor Microbiome: Quantification of Exposure and Association with Geographical Location, Meteorological Factors, and Land Use in France

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8030341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 341 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Steffi Rocchi ◽

Gabriel Reboux ◽

Emeline Scherer ◽

Audrey Laboissière ◽

Cécile Zaros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Spatial Description ◽

Geographical Patterns ◽

Cladosporium Sphaerospermum ◽

Streptomyces Spp ◽

Indoor Microbiome ◽

Cryptococcus Spp

The indoor microbial community is a mixture of microorganisms resulting from outdoor ecosystems that seed the built environment. However, the biogeography of the indoor microbial community is still inadequately studied. Dust from more than 3000 dwellings across France was analyzed by qPCR using 17 targets: 10 molds, 3 bacteria groups, and 4 mites. Thus, the first spatial description of the main indoor microbial allergens on the French territory, in relation with biogeographical factors influencing the distribution of microorganisms, was realized in this study. Ten microorganisms out of 17 exhibited increasing abundance profiles across the country: Five microorganisms (Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoïdes spp., Streptomyces spp., Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Epicoccum nigrum) from northeast to southwest, two (Cryptococcus spp., Alternaria alternata) from northwest to southeast, Mycobacteria from east to west, Aspergillus fumigatus from south to north, and Penicillium chrysogenum from south to northeast. These geographical patterns were partly linked to climate and land cover. Multivariate analysis showed that composition of communities seemed to depend on landscapes, with species related to closed and rather cold and humid landscapes (forests, located in the northeast) and others to more open, hot, and dry landscapes (herbaceous and coastal regions, located in the west). This study highlights the importance of geographical location and outdoor factors that shape communities. In order to study the effect of microorganisms on human health (allergic diseases in particular), it is important to identify biogeographic factors that structure microbial communities on large spatial scales and to quantify the exposure with quantitative tools, such as the multi-qPCR approach.

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