Densities of beneficial arthropods within pear and apple orchards affected by distance from adjacent native habitat and association of natural enemies with extra-orchard host plants

Sowing plants that provide food resources in orchards is a potential habitat management practice for enhancing biological control. Flowering plants (providing pollen and nectar) and grasses (providing alternative prey) can benefit natural enemies in orchards; however, little is known about their relative importance. We studied the effect of management practices (flower strips, grass strips, and spontaneous grass) on arthropod predators under organic apple management regimes in apple orchards in Beijing, China. Orchards located at two different sites were assessed for 3 years (2017–2019). The cover crops had a significant impact on the abundance and diversity of arthropod predators. The grass treatment consistently supported significantly greater densities of alternative prey resources for predators, and predators were more abundant in the grass than in the other treatments. The Shannon–Wiener diversity was significantly higher for the cover crop treatment than for the control. Community structure was somewhat similar between the grass and control, but it differed between the flower treatment and grass/control. Weak evidence for an increase in mobile predators (ladybirds and lacewings) in the orchard canopy was found. Ladybirds and lacewings were more abundant in the grass treatment than in the other treatments in 2019 only, while the aphid abundance in the grass treatment was lowest. The fact that grass strips promoted higher predator abundance and stronger aphid suppression in comparison to the flower strips suggests that providing alternative prey for predators has great biocontrol service potential. The selection of cover crops and necessary management for conserving natural enemies in orchards are discussed in this paper.

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The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. VII. Effects on Some Beneficial Arthropods

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent86128-3 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 128-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

A. W. MacPhee ◽

K. H. Sanford

Keyword(s):

Nova Scotia ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Apple Orchards ◽

Beneficial Arthropods ◽

Population Densities ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Arthropod Pests

The toxicities of a large number of spray chemicals to arthropod pests are well known. In most instances, observations on the effects of such materials on natural enemies have beeen incidental to other studies, and little has been published on experiments designed to determine the direct toxicities of the chemicals to beneficial species. The effects of spray chemicals on the predators and parasites of the major pests of apple trees in Nova Scotia have been investigated as part of a broader project on the factors that influence population densities of orchard arthropods, as outlined by Pickett et al. (31).

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Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in1186-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (6) ◽

Author(s):

James P. Cuda ◽

Patricia Prade ◽

Carey R. Minteer-Killian

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

North America ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Host Plants ◽

Classical Biological Control ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Pepper Tree ◽

Brazilian Pepper ◽

Close Relatives ◽

Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

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Perilaku Dan Musuh Alami Kupu Endemik Sulawesi Papilio blumei: Acuan dalam Konservasi

Bioedukasi Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi ◽

10.20961/bioedukasi-uns.v8i1.3488 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SULFIANTO ALIAS ◽

RC HIDAYAT SOESILOHADI

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

National Park ◽

Host Plants ◽

Mating Strategies ◽

The Other ◽

Foraging Activity ◽

Key Factors ◽

Mortality Factors ◽

K Value

Papilio blumei is an endemic butterfly of Sulawesi and especially in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This research was to observed of the behaviour and natural enemies of P. blumei in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The behaviour of the insect were mating, foraging, competiting, ovipositing and mud-puddling. Life table was used for analysis of mortality factors, therefore the number of mortality was analyzed by key-factors formulation. The result indicated that mating strategies is patrolling. Foraging activity of the sixth instar was the highest compared to the other instars and the lowest one activity of the prapupa stadium of P. blumei. Nectar host plants for the imago of butterfly were Sarcosephalum latifolius and Eugenia sp. There was Scudderia sp. as an interspesific competitor for larval P. blumei. The intraspesific competitor of the imago stage was male of P. blumei. Female P. blumei laid eggs on abaxial leaf E.hupehensis and the eggs hatched after six days. The larva of P. blumei has a overheating behaviour and the adults has a mud puddling. The natural enemies of P.blumei is Trichogramma sp., with k value = 0.381, Pteromalus sp., with k value = 0.125 and Formica sp., with k value = 0.096.

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Preliminary Study on the Control of the Cottony-Cushion Scale (Icerya purchasii Maskell,) by Means of Insecticides

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v43i4.12573 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 295-299

Author(s):

Silverio Medina Gaud

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemies ◽

Host Plants ◽

Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽

Total Control ◽

Preliminary Study

The cottony-cushion scale, Icerya purchasii Maskell, is one of the soft scales that attack a large variety of plants and trees in our Island. A series of host plants are listed and the insect is briefly described. Its distribution and natural enemies are also listed. Two insecticides, namely Parathion and Malathion, were tested for the control of the cottony-cushion scale in Australian pine, Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. Total control was obtained for all adult scales and crawlers with both insecticides, while in the checks both stages continued alive. It was found that the insecticides were not effective in the control of the eggs.

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Long-term seasonal fluctuations of lepidopteran cereal stemborers and their natural enemies on maize and wild host plants in southern Benin

Insect Science ◽

10.1111/j.1744-7917.2009.01264.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 329-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Saka Gounou ◽

Nanqing Jiang ◽

Fritz Schulthess

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemies ◽

Host Plants ◽

Seasonal Fluctuations ◽

Wild Host ◽

Southern Benin

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Interactions between phloem-restricted bacterial plant pathogens, their vector insects, host plants, and natural enemies, mediated by primary and secondary plant metabolites

Entomologia Generalis ◽

10.1127/entomologia/2021/1254 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jürgen Gross ◽

Jannicke Gallinger ◽

Louisa M. Görg

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemies ◽

Host Plants ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽

Secondary Plant

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Immature stages, host plants and natural enemies of Henosepilachna implicata (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with DNA sequence data and a new synonym and notes on some Indian species of Epilachnini

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4970 (3) ◽

pp. 533-546

Author(s):

J. POORANI ◽

R. G. BOOTH ◽

R. GANDHI GRACY ◽

C. ANURADHA ◽

R. THANIGAIRAJ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequence ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Host Plants ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Indian Species ◽

Life Stages ◽

Important Species ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

New Synonym ◽

First Time

Life stages of Henosepilachna implicata (Mulsant), an economically important species of Epilachnini in India, are documented and illustrated. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data is provided for the first time for H. implicata with additional details on its host plants, distribution, and natural enemies. Its similarities and differences with other common pestiferous Henosepilachna spp. in India such as H. vigintioctopunctata (F.), H. septima (Dieke) and H. pusillanima (Mulsant) are discussed. Epilachna circularis Korschefsky, 1933 is found to be conspecific with H. implicata and is reduced to a junior synonym of the latter (new synonym). Notes are given on the distribution and natural enemies of some other species of Epilachnini of the Indian region.

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Natural enemies of the gall-maker Eugeniamyia dispar (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae): predatory ants and parasitoids

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842002000200011 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 269-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. de S., Jr. MENDONÇA ◽

H. P. ROMANOWSKI

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Host Plants ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Spider Webs ◽

Eugenia Uniflora ◽

Individual Host ◽

Predatory Ants

Natural enemies of the gall maker Eugeniamyia dispar (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) were studied on the urban area of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil from October 1993 to March 1996. Galls and associated arthropods were followed weekly in the field on individual host plants (Eugenia uniflora, Myrtaceae) and also in the laboratory. Three species of ants attacked the galls, the most common being Pseudomyrmex sp. A proportion of galls was parasitised by Rileya sp. (Eurytomidae). The adults of this solitary ectoparasitoid were also attacked by the ants and fell prey to spider webs.

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