scholarly journals Recruitment of aphidophagous arthropods to sorghum plants infested with Melanaphis sacchari and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Colares ◽  
J.P. Michaud ◽  
Clint L. Bain ◽  
Jorge B. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari

scholarly journals Pulgones (Hemiptera: Aphididae) y sus parasitoides (Hymenoptera) en cultivos de sorgo en los estados de Colima y Tamaulipas, México

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Rodríguez-Vélez ◽  
Alba Suaste-Dzul ◽  
Adrien Gallou ◽  
José Manuel Rodríguez-Vélez ◽  
Mariza Araceli Sarmiento-Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Lysiphlebus Testaceipes

El pulgón amarillo del sorgo Melanaphis sacchari y el verde Schizaphis graminum son especies que coexisten en cultivos de sorgo. El pulgón verde se reportó por vez primera para México en 1972 en cultivos de avena, y el amarillo en 2013 en cultivo de sorgo, este último causando pérdidas hasta del 100%. Desde entonces, se realizan esfuerzos para su control, por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer los parasitoides de M. sacchari y S. graminum en cultivos de sorgo en Colima y Tamaulipas. En 2014 se realizaron muestreos en cinco localidades de Tamaulipas afectadas por el pulgón amarillo, donde se colectaron pulgones parasitados. La recolecta en Colima fue en 2016, realizándose semanalmente durante un ciclo completo del sorgo con red de barrido y colecta directa. Se registraron dos especies de parasitoides: Lysiphlebus testaceipes, donde se reconocieron a nivel molecular dos haplotipos, uno por estado, 15 especímenes en Tamaulipas emergiendo del pulgón amarillo y seis en Colima también emergiendo del pulgón amarillo y 127 recolectados con red en Colima y, Pachyneuron aphidis hiperparasitoide de L. testaceipes, se registraron tres individuos emergiendo de momias de M. sacchari en Tamaulipas y dos en Colima, además de 12 especímenes recolectados con red en este estado. En Colima, el pulgón verde y L. testaceipes mostraron mayor presencia durante el desarrollo de las hojas e iniciación de la panoja, mientras que el pulgón amarillo fue más abundante durante el desarrollo y llenado de los granos, durante esa etapa la presencia de parasitoides fue casi nula. Concluyendo que L. testaceipes y P. aphidis aparentemente muestran preferencia por S. graminum en el área de estudio.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genetic Mechanisms of Sugarcane Aphid Resistance in Grain Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7129
Author(s):  
Desalegn D. Serba ◽  
Xiaoxi Meng ◽  
James Schnable ◽  
Elfadil Bashir ◽  
J. P. Michaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (SCA), has become a major pest of grain sorghum since its appearance in the USA. Several grain sorghum parental lines are moderately resistant to the SCA. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying this resistance are poorly understood, which has constrained breeding for improved resistance. RNA-Seq was used to conduct transcriptomics analysis on a moderately resistant genotype (TAM428) and a susceptible genotype (Tx2737) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance. Differential expression analysis revealed differences in transcriptomic profile between the two genotypes at multiple time points after infestation by SCA. Six gene clusters had differential expression during SCA infestation. Gene ontology enrichment and cluster analysis of genes differentially expressed after SCA infestation revealed consistent upregulation of genes controlling protein and lipid binding, cellular catabolic processes, transcription initiation, and autophagy in the resistant genotype. Genes regulating responses to external stimuli and stress, cell communication, and transferase activities, were all upregulated in later stages of infestation. On the other hand, expression of genes controlling cell cycle and nuclear division were reduced after SCA infestation in the resistant genotype. These results indicate that different classes of genes, including stress response genes and transcription factors, are responsible for countering the physiological effects of SCA infestation in resistant sorghum plants.

Annual variation in strains of barley yellow dwarf virus in Manitoba, and the occurrence of greenbug-specific isolates

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
High Degree

Seventeen isolates of the aphid-borne barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), collected in southern Manitoba in 1966, were transmitted from oats to oats most efficiently by Rhopalosiphum padi. They were transmitted also by Macrosiphum avenae and all but two were transmitted by Schizaphis graminum and Acyrthosiphon dirhodum. Most of these isolates were not transmitted by R. maidis.Only 3 of 25 isolates collected in 1967 were transmitted by the five species of aphids in a pattern similar to that of the isolates collected in 1966. Twenty of the remainder were transmitted with a moderate to high degree of specificity by R. maidis, R. padi, or S. graminum. Two of the latter isolates were transmitted only by S. graminum. When the transmissibility of one of the isolates, for which S. graminum was the most efficient vector, was examined more critically, both the relative and the specific efficiency of the three vectors varied with the age of the infection in the source plants, though S. graminum was always the most efficient vector.

In vitro insecticidal effect of commercial fatty acids, ß-sitosterol and rutin against the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Aguilar Marcelino ◽  
Jesús Antonio Pineda Alegría ◽  
David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez ◽  
Víctor Manuel Hernández Velázquez ◽  
Gonzalo Iván Silva Aguayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Alternative Means

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the main pest of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poaceae), in Mexico. To control this insect, farmers currently use synthetic chemical insecticides, which are toxic to humans and biodiversity. However, natural products are a promising potential source of safer alternative means to control different agricultural pests. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of contact by fumigation of pure molecules of four commercial fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, pentadecanoic and linoleic acids), the phytosterol ß -sitosterol, and the flavonoid rutin. The results showed that fatty acids were the most effective against M. sacchari ; the highest mortality rate (85%) was produced by linoleic acid and the LC 50 was 1,181 ppm, followed by stearic and palmitic acids with mortality percentages of 74 and 63%, respectively, at a concentration of 2,500 ppm at 72 h. The positive control, imidacloprid, had 100% mortality in 24 h and the tween 20 negative control exhibited 4% mortality in 72 h. Our results show that commercial fatty acids are effective against adults of M. sacchari , and can be considered an environmentally friendly alternative to the frequent use of synthetic chemical insecticides.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document