In vitro insecticidal effect of commercial fatty acids, ß-sitosterol and rutin against the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Aguilar Marcelino ◽  
Jesús Antonio Pineda Alegría ◽  
David Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez ◽  
Víctor Manuel Hernández Velázquez ◽  
Gonzalo Iván Silva Aguayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Alternative Means

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the main pest of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poaceae), in Mexico. To control this insect, farmers currently use synthetic chemical insecticides, which are toxic to humans and biodiversity. However, natural products are a promising potential source of safer alternative means to control different agricultural pests. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of contact by fumigation of pure molecules of four commercial fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, pentadecanoic and linoleic acids), the phytosterol ß -sitosterol, and the flavonoid rutin. The results showed that fatty acids were the most effective against M. sacchari ; the highest mortality rate (85%) was produced by linoleic acid and the LC 50 was 1,181 ppm, followed by stearic and palmitic acids with mortality percentages of 74 and 63%, respectively, at a concentration of 2,500 ppm at 72 h. The positive control, imidacloprid, had 100% mortality in 24 h and the tween 20 negative control exhibited 4% mortality in 72 h. Our results show that commercial fatty acids are effective against adults of M. sacchari , and can be considered an environmentally friendly alternative to the frequent use of synthetic chemical insecticides.

scholarly journals In vitro efficacy of Carapa guianensis Aublet (Meliaceae) oil on Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis Schrank (1781)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
Antônia Aniellen Raianne Moises Aguiar ◽  
Caio Michel de Morais Rolim ◽  
Iany Leda Moreira Dantas ◽  
Weibson Pinheiro Paz André ◽  
Wesley Adson Costa Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Carapa Guianensis ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Insecticidal Action

Productivity in small ruminants can be compromised due to lice infestations. This pest infestation is controlled by the administration of insecticides, and their excessive use causes resistance. New control alternatives are being investiga-ted, especially the use of phytotherapeutics. Research using the oil from Carapa guianensis (andiroba) has shown insecticidal action on feline and goat lice specimens. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of C. guianensis seed oil, in vitro, on Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis.Nine hundred specimens of D. (Bovicola) ovis were randomly assigned into groups and were subjected to different treatments: (G1) 1,000 to 15.6 mg/mL of C. guianensis oil; (G2) 3% Tween 80 (negative control); and (G3) amitraz 1.25 g/mL (positive control). Data presentation was expressed as mean efficacy ± standard deviation using the statistical program SPSS version 23.0 and statistical differences of the experimental groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman. Probit Regression was performed to obtain CI50 and CI90, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The oil with a concentration of 1,000 mg/mL had an efficacy of 94% after 24 hours of exposure, differing statistically from the positive and negative control (p < 0.05). The IC50 and IC90 values were 439.21 mg/mL and 807.09 mg/mL, respectively. The action of the oil on the specimens was independent whether it was an adult female, male, or nymph. It is concluded that C. guianensis oil showed in vitro insecticidal effect against D. (Bovicola) ovis.

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

scholarly journals Investigation of potential anti-urolithiatic activity from different types of Musa pseudo-stem extracts in inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazni Abu Zarin ◽  
Joo Shun Tan ◽  
Paramasivam Murugan ◽  
Rosma Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Aggregation Assay ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aggregation Activity

Abstract Background The banana or scientifically referred to as Musa sp., is one of the most popular fruits all over the world. Almost all parts of a banana tree, including the fruits, stem juice, and flowers are commonly used as traditional medicine for treating diarrhoea (unripe), menorrhagia, diabetes, dysentery, and antiulcerogenic, hypoglycemic, antilithic, hypolipidemic conditions, plus antioxidant actions, inflammation, pains and even snakebites. The study carried out was to evaluate in vitro anti-urolithiatic activity from different types of Musa pseudo-stems. Methods Observing anti-urolithiathic activity via in vitro nucleation and aggregation assay using a spectrophotometer followed by microscopic observation. A total of 12 methanolic extracts were tested to determine the potential extracts in anti-urolithiasis activities. Cystone was used as a positive control. Results The results manifested an inhibition of nucleation activity (0.11 ± 2.32% to 55.39 ± 1.01%) and an aggregation activity (4.34 ± 0.68% to 58.78 ± 1.81%) at 360 min of incubation time. The highest inhibition percentage in nucleation assay was obtained by the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic pseudo-stem extract (2D) which was 55.39 ± 1.01%at 60 min of incubation time compared to the cystone at 30.87 ± 0.74%. On the other hand,the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic bagasse extract (3D) had the highest inhibition percentage in the aggregation assay incubated at 360 min which was obtained at 58.78 ± 1.8%; 5.53% higher than the cystone (53.25%).The microscopic image showed a great reduction in the calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals formation and the size of crystals in 2D and 3D extracts, respectively, as compared to negative control. Conclusions The results obtained from this study suggest that the extracts are potential sources of alternative medicine for kidney stones disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ionic degradation and slot corrosion of metallic brackets by the action of different dentifrices

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Gustavo Antônio Martins Brandão ◽  
Rafael Menezes Simas ◽  
Leandro Moreira de Almeida ◽  
Juliana Melo da Silva ◽  
Marcelo de Castro Meneghim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Surface Polishing ◽  
Aluminium Ion ◽  
Negative Controls

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro ionic degradation and slot base corrosion of metallic brackets subjected to brushing with dentifrices, through analysis of chemical composition by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and qualitative analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Thirty eight brackets were selected and randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 7). Two groups (n = 5) worked as positive and negative controls. Simulated orthodontic braces were assembled using 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel wires and elastomeric rings. The groups were divided according to surface treatment: G1 (Máxima Proteção Anticáries®); G2 (Total 12®); G3 (Sensitive®); G4 (Branqueador®); Positive control (artificial saliva) and Negative control (no treatment). Twenty eight brushing cycles were performed and evaluations were made before (T0) and after (T1) experiment. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon test showed no difference in ionic concentrations of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) between groups. G2 presented significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion (Al). Groups G3 and G4 presented significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion. The SEM analysis showed increased characteristics indicative of corrosion on groups G2, G3 and G4. CONCLUSION: The EDS analysis revealed that control groups and G1 did not suffer alterations on the chemical composition. G2 presented degradation in the amount of Al ion. G3 and G4 suffered increase in the concentration of Al. The immersion in artificial saliva and the dentifrice Máxima Proteção Anticáries® did not alter the surface polishing. The dentifrices Total 12®, Sensitive® and Branqueador® altered the surface polishing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of coconut water neutralized by different agents on the viability of human fibroblasts: an in vitro study

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira SOARES ◽  
Aletheia Moraes ROCHA ◽  
Manuella Verdinelli de Paula REIS ◽  
Camilla Christian Gomes MOURA ◽  
Carlos José SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Method

Abstract Objective This study evaluated four types of pH adjustment of the coconut water (CW) on viability of human fibroblasts (HFF). Material and method Natural and industrialized CW were adjusted to pH 7.0 using: (1) Sodium Hidroxide (NaOH), (2) Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), (3) Triethanolamine (C6H15NO3), (4) 2-Amino-2-Methil-1-Propanol (C4H11NO). Fibroblasts were plated at 2×104/ well in 96 well plates and maintained in the CW solutions for 2 h and 4 h. Positive control was represented by HFF maintained in DMEM and the negative control by tap water. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT formazan method. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s and Dunnet’s test. Result There are no significant effect on the cell viability regarding type of CW, period of evaluation, and the interactions between CW and period of evaluation, CW and pH adjustment method, pH adjustment method and period of evaluation (p>0.05). Conclusion The product used for CW pH adjustment did not influenced HFF viability, thought there are a tendency of better performance in natural CW.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Teripang Pasir terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Shigella Dysentriae Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
FERIZAL NEGERI SAMUDRA ◽  
RETNO BUDIARTI ◽  
IRMAWATI IRMAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Diarrhea Disease

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background</strong>; In Indonesia, most diarrhea disease in 1995 to 2001 are caused by Shigella spp. Shigella spp infection can cause various symptom dan complication. Generally, the treatment by using antibiotic can cause antibiotic resistance. Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) is an herb that known, available, and easy to consume by society and has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, further research to study the effect of Holoturia Scabra on <em>Shigella Dysentriae</em> growth in vitro is needed.</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong>: The goal of this research is demonstrate the effect of sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) to the growth of the <em>Shigella dysentriae</em> bacteria in vitro.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: The method in this research is Posttest Only Control Group. There are 6 groups, 4 types of and 2 control groups. The concentration of the treatment group is 100%,50%, 25%, and, 12.5% while for positive control tests using chloramphenicol and aquadest as a negative control.</p><p><strong>Result</strong>: The result showed there is an influence on the intake of sand cucumber to the growth of the Shigella dysenteriae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Sea cucumber (<em>Holoturia scabra</em>) inhibit the growth of <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>, sea cucumber (<em>Holoturia scabra</em>), antibacterial</p>

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Klebsiella spp

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Gislanne Stéphanne Estevam da Silva ◽  
Rivaldo Leon Bezerra Cabral ◽  
Nathalie de Sena Pereira ◽  
José Heriberto Oliveira do Nascimento ◽  
Dany G kramer
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) can be incorporated into medical devices, such as tissues, to circumvent bacterial resistance such as Klebsiella spp, which can lead to skin and mucosal infections. Thus, the aim of the present study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles for later incorporation into cotton fabrics and in vitro tests against Klebsiella spp. The AgNP colloidal solution was synthesized (AgNO3 - 0.1 mM, 100 mM trisodium citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone - 0.24 g, H2OH2) and then impregnated into the cotton fabric pretreated with poly diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) of 100/500 tissue, shaken for 30 minutes). The material produced was analyzed by the FTIR; DLS and reflectance spectroscopy. The tests of the antimicrobial activities were by the microdilution technique against Klebsiella spp, in tubes containing Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), with the solution of silver (1); Tissue containing AgNP - 4 mm (2); Negative control (3) and positive control - ceftriaxone (4). Regarding MIC, the inhibitory activity occurred of the dilutions between 1/2 and 1/16. The AgNP particles had an average size of 24.75 nm. As synthesized AgNPs demonstrate the excellent antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella spp, with special emphasis on applications in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, targeting multiresistant antibiotic bacteria.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK PERASAN DAUN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.) TERHADAP Escherichia coli SECARA IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Margareta Retno Priamsari ◽  
Agastia Cicilia Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
Water Inhibition

Noni juice can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. Noni juice extraction needs concentration to extract so that the preparation is more stable in the storage process. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity and the amount of the minimum inhibitory concentration of noni juice extract from E. coli bacteria in vitro. This type of experimental research with a completely randomized one-way design. The extract was obtained by concentrating the Noni leaf extract. Extract quality control parameters include organoleptic, yield, drying shrinkage, and qualitative tests of flavonoid and anthraquinone compounds. Antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method with an extract concentration of 1.56%; 3.12%; 6.25%; 12.5%; and 25% with 3 replications. Positive control of amoxicillin and negative control of distilled water. Inhibition is known from the zone formed around the paper disc. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Kruskall Wallis followed by Mann Whitney with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the variation in the concentration of the noni juice extract had a significant effect (p <0.05). The biggest inhibitory zone was seen at 25% concentration of 10.16 mm and included in the strong category. The minimum inhibitory power was produced at a concentration of 3.12% at 2.50 mm with a weak treatment category.

In vitro Anthelminthic Activity of Crude Methanolic Leaf Extract of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Bush mint) on Ascaris suum.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
O. S Salami
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Anthelminthic Activity ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens

Ascariasis is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in areas with poor hygiene and low standard of living in tropical countries. Hyptis suaveolens is been used traditionally around the world for various ailments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant on the three life cycle stages of Ascaris suum synonymous to Ascaris lumbricoides. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was evaluated. The in-vitro anthelminthic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolens on the egg hatchability and larva inhibition of Ascaris suum were assessed using Bizimenyara inhibition method, where 100 eggs were counted and incubated in 5 different plate-wells containing positive control, negative control and 3 concentrations (50, 70 and 100 mg/ml) of extract. The plate wells were brought out after incubation and content examined under the microscope. The effect of the methanolic leaf extract and pyrantel pamoate on cuticle peeling, motility and mortality were evaluated using adult worms. The egg hatchability and larval development after incubation for 48 h and 21 days significantly (p<0.05 for both) inhibited with 98% unhatched eggs and 95% undeveloped larva of A. suum respectively. There was significant (p<0.05) visible peeling of cuticles, reduced motility and mortality of the adult worms after 30, 12 and 80 minutes respectively. It can be concluded that H. suaveolens has anthelminthic activity on A. suum which may be attributed to some of the phytochemical constituents.

Evaluating Dentin Surface Treatments for Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Imbery ◽  
A Namboodiri ◽  
A Duncan ◽  
R Amos ◽  
AM Best ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Band Matrices ◽  
Dentin Surface ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARY This in vitro study evaluated the effect of six surface treatments on the shear bond strength of three resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) to dentin. Occlusal surfaces of caries-free third molars were reduced to expose only dentin. Surface treatments were smear layer intact (negative control), Cavity Conditioner, EDTA, Ketac Primer, Self Conditioner, and etching with 35% phosphoric acid followed by the application of Optibond Solo Plus. Filtek Z250 composite resin bonded with Optibond Solo Plus served as a positive control. Conditioning agents were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. After surface treatments, Fuji II LC, Riva LC, Ketac Nano, and Filtek Z250 were placed in copper-band matrices 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height and were light-cured for 20 seconds. Specimens were stored in 100% humidity for 24 hours, after which they were placed in deionized water for 24 hours at 37°C. They were then tested under shear forces in an Instron Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. A two-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference statistical analyses (p&lt;0.05) indicated significant interaction between RMGIs and conditioning agents. Acid etching followed by Optibond Solo Plus provided highest bond strengths for all three RMGIs, which were not statistically different from the positive control.

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