Cryptic east-west divergence and molecular diagnostics for two species of silver flies (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae: Leucopis) from North America being evaluated for biological control of hemlock woolly adelgid

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Havill ◽  
Stephen D. Gaimari ◽  
Adalgisa Caccone
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
East West

scholarly journals Temporal Asynchrony of Adult Emergence Between Leucopis argenticollis and Leucopis piniperda (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), Predators of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), with Implications for Biological Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Alex N Neidermeier ◽  
Darrell W Ross ◽  
Nathan P Havill ◽  
Kimberly F Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract Two species of silver fly, Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt) and Leucopis piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), from the Pacific Northwest region of North America have been identified as potential biological control agents of hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae: Adelges tsugae Annand) in eastern North America. The two predators are collectively synchronized with A. tsugae development. To determine whether adult emergence of the two species of silver fly are also synchronized with one another, we collected adult Leucopis which emerged from A. tsugae-infested western hemlock [Pinaceae: Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.] from four sites in the Pacific Northwest over a 29-d period. Specimens were collected twice daily in the laboratory and identified to species using DNA barcoding. The study found that more adult Leucopis were collected in the evening than the morning. Additionally, the daily emergences of adults over the 29-d sampling period exhibited sinusoidal-like fluctuations of peak abundance of each species, lending evidence to a pattern of temporal partitioning. This pattern could have logistical implications for their use as biological control agents in eastern North America, namely the need to release both species for maximum efficacy in decreasing A. tsugae populations.

Coexistence of three specialist predators of the hemlock woolly adelgid in the Pacific Northwest USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Rose ◽  
Darrell W. Ross ◽  
Nathan P. Havill ◽  
Kyle Motley ◽  
Kimberly F. Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Laricobius Nigrinus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Specialist Predators

AbstractThe hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae: Adelges tsugae Annand) is an invasive insect, introduced from Japan to eastern North America, where it causes decline and death of hemlock trees. There is a closely related lineage of A. tsugae native to western North America. To inform classical biological control of A. tsugae in the eastern USA, the density and phenology of three native western adelgid specialist predators, Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt), Le. piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), and Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), were quantified in the Pacific Northwest. Infested branches were collected from western hemlock (Pinaceae: Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) at four sites around the Puget Sound, Washington and three sites in Oregon. Immature Leucopis were identified to species using DNA barcodes. Leucopis argenticollis was roughly twice as abundant as Le. piniperda. Laricobius nigrinus larvae were more abundant than the two species of Leucopis during the egg stage of the first adelgid generation, but Leucopis were present as feeding larvae during the second adelgid generation when La. nigrinus was aestivating in the soil, resulting in Leucopis being more abundant than La. nigrinus across the entire sampling period. Adelges tsugae and La. nigrinus densities were not correlated, while A. tsugae and Leucopis spp. densities were positively correlated. Leucopis spp. and La. nigrinus densities were negatively correlated. These results support the complementary use of La. nigrinus and the two Leucopis species for biological control of A. tsugae in the eastern USA, and point to the need for further investigation of spatial and temporal niche partitioning among the three predator species.

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

Knotweed Management Strategies in North America with the Advent of Widespread Hybrid Bohemian Knotweed, Regional Differences, and the Potential for Biocontrol Via the Psyllid Aphalara itadori Shinji

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Clements ◽  
Todd Larsen ◽  
Jennifer Grenz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Available Resources

AbstractInvasive species with distributions that encompass much of the North American environment often demand a range of management approaches, for several key reasons. Firstly, the North American environment includes a large number of highly variable habitats in terms of climatic, edaphic, and landscape features. Secondly, these regional habitat differences are accentuated by jurisdictions within Canada and the United States, whereby approaches and available resources differ at local, regional, and national scales. Another important consideration is whether an invasive species or complex also possesses genetic variation. All three of these factors render the knotweed complex in North America a highly variable target for management. In this paper we review existing knowledge of the variable nature of knotweed species (Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr., Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt ex Maxim) Ronse Decr., and Fallopia × bohemica, (Chrtek and Chrtková) J. P. Bailey in North America, and evaluate how herbicidal, mechanical and biological control measures must account for this genetic variation, as well as accounting for regional differences and the potential northward expansion of knotweed under climate change. The imminent release of the psyllid, Aphalara itadori Shinji as a biological control agent in North America must also navigate regional and genetic differences. Prior European experience dealing with the three knotweed species should prove useful, but additional research is needed to meet the emerging challenge posed by F. × bohemica in North America, including the possibility of glyphosate resistance. Managers also face challenges associated with posttreatment restoration measures. Furthermore, disparities in resources available to address knotweed management across the continent need to be addressed to contain the rapid spread of this highly persistent and adaptable species. Linking practitioners dealing with knotweed “on the ground” with academic research is a crucial step in the process of marshalling all available resources to reduce the rapidly spreading populations of knotweed.

The species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) introduced to North America for biological control of the cabbage seedpod weevil, and the first recovery of Stenomalina gracilis (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A.P. Gibson ◽  
David R. Gillespie ◽  
Lloyd Dosdall
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Ceutorhynchus Obstrictus ◽  
Pteromalus Puparum ◽  
Cabbage Seedpod Weevil

AbstractThe species of Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea) introduced to British Columbia, Canada, from Europe in 1949 as Trichomalus fasciatus (Thomson, 1878), Xenocrepis pura Mayr, 1904, and Habrocytus sp. for classical biological control of Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham, 1802) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are shown to be misidentifications of Trichomalus perfectus (Walker, 1835), Mesopolobus morys (Walker, 1848), and Stenomalina gracilis (Walker, 1834), respectively. Species reared subsequently from seedpods of Brassica spp. (Brassicaceae) in British Columbia and reported in the literature under the first three names are shown to be misidentifications of, respectively, Trichomalus lucidus (Walker, 1835), Mesopolobus moryoides Gibson, 2005, and one or both of Pteromalus puparum (L., 1758) and T. lucidus. There is no evidence that either T. perfectus or M. morys established in North America, but S. gracilis is newly recorded from southern British Columbia based on specimens reared from Brassicaceae seedpods in 2004 and 2005.

Podosphaera dipsacacearum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Serious Disease

Abstract A description is provided for Podosphaera dipsacacearum, a terrestrial fungus, obligately parasitic on species of the Dipsacaceae, but not causing a serious disease resulting in death of the plant. Some information on its substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (Washington)), Asia (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia (Rostovskaya oblast), Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia)). Since Dipsacus species are sometimes regarded as invasives, there may be potential to use P. dipsacacearum as part of an integrated biological control programme.

Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the Rhinusa tetra (Fabricius) species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3329 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTO CALDARA ◽  
ROBERTO CASALINI ◽  
COSIMO BAVIERA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Verbascum Thapsus ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Common Mullein

All taxa closely related to or synonymized with Rhinusa tetra (Fabricius, 1792) are studied, including the available type mate-rial. Four species are considered taxonomically valid: Rhinusa tetra, R. comosa (Rosenschoeld, 1838), R. moroderi (Reitter,1906), R. verbasci (Rosenschoeld, 1838). The following four new synonymies are proposed: R. tetra (= Gymnetron eoumRosenschoeld, 1838 syn. n.; = Cleopus uncinatus Dufour, 1843 syn. n.; = Cleopus verbasci Dufour, 1843 syn. n.); R. moroderi(= Gymnetron otini Hustache, 1946 syn. n). Neotypes are designated for Cionus amictus Germar, 1821, Cleopus uncinatus andCleopus verbasci. Lectotypes are designated for Curculio teter, Gymnetron comosum, Gymnetron crassirostre Lucas, 1849,Gymnetron eoum, Gymnetron fuscescens Rosenschoeld, 1838, Gymnetron haemorrhoum Rosenhauer, 1847, Gymnetron moro-deri, Gymnetron plagiellum Gyllenhal, 1838, Gymnetron trigonale Gyllenhal, 1838 and Gymnetron verbasci, all currentlyincluded in Rhinusa. A key separating the four valid species is supported by diagnoses, biological notes, distributional data andillustrations. These new findings are important because R. tetra in the broad sense was proposed as a potential candidate for the biological control of invasive Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) in North America.

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