Biodiesel synthesis by TiO2–ZnO mixed oxide nanocatalyst catalyzed palm oil transesterification process

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Madhuvilakku ◽  
Shakkthivel Piraman
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili ◽  
Teymor Tavakoli Hashjin ◽  
Barat Ghobadian ◽  
Gholamhasan Najafi ◽  
Stefano Mantegna ◽  
...  

AbstractThis work investigates the effect of simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation on palm oil transesterification and uncovers optimal operating conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to analyze the influence of reaction conditions, including methanol/palm oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and irradiation time on biodiesel yield. RSM analyses indicate 136 s and 129 s as the optimal sonication and microwave irradiation times, respectively. Optimized parameters for full conversion (97.53%) are 1.09% catalyst concentration and a 7:3.1 methanol/oil molar ratio at 58.4°C. Simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation dramatically accelerates the palm oil transesterification reaction. Pure biodiesel was obtained after only 2.2 min while the conventional method requires about 1 h.


2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Dafinah Ramadhani ◽  
Saphira Nurina Fakhri ◽  
Setijo Bismo

The disadvantages of conventional biodiesel synthesis trigger the birth of new biodiesel synthesis methods using the DBD plasma reactor. The conventional methods with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have significant constraints that the formation of glycerol compounds in large enough quantities that require considerable energy. The aim of present experiment is to design DBD non-thermal plasma reactor coaxial pipe type and to do its performance test in converting biodiesel The feed stock used are palm oil, ethanol, and argon gas as plasma carrier. Such a chemical reactor, this plasma reactor is also influenced by reaction kinetics and hydrodynamic factors. From this research, it can be seen that the optimum feed and gas flowrate being operated is 1.64 and 41.67 mL/s. The plasma reactor is used in the form of a quartz glass tube surrounded by a SS-314 spiral coil as an outer electrode. The applied operating conditions are 1 : 1 molar ratio of methanol/oil, ambient temperature of 28 - 30 °C, and pressure 1 bar. From this performance test, it is found that this plasma reactor can be used to synthesize biodiesel from palm oil and methanol without catalyst, no formation of soap, and minimal byproducts.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Setijo Bismo

Conventional biodiesel synthesis through transesterification reaction pathway of the palm oil or other vegetable oils has been regarded yet as a steep process,  mainly to be implemented as fuel for  various diesel engines in Indonesia. The methanol consumption for  such process  is still  costly  as well, especially 2-3 times of free fatty acid (FFA) molar amount, which is dangerous as methanol being classified as hazardous chemicals, while the yield of palm oil methyl ester (POME) is just  70%­ volume roughly. The ozonide biodiesel synthesis is considered as a better alternative, which is quasi­-parallel ozonolysis reaction application in the conventional transesterification schema using ethanol to produce  ozonide biodiesel or ozonide methyl-ester.  The ozone gas being applied to the process is produced in situ by an ozone generator apparatus, using fresh and purified air as oxygen source, with about 5,5 g/h ozone production at 400-800 L/h air or feed flowrate. The ozonide biodiesel is favorable to ethanol (96 %-v) being used as reactant and or protic solvent than methanol, even using catalyst (zeolite/GAC) or not, at 55-72ºC and atmospheric condition. The ethanol utilization may be saved until 31,15-39,85 %-mol of conventional biodiesel process. The results obtained from the investigations give some interesting characteristics comparing to diesel fuel in Indonesia, especially better values of cetane index, BHP and torque.Keywords: Palm Oil, Biodiesel, Methyl Ester, Ethyl Ester, Ozonide, Ozonolysis AbstrakReaksi transesterifikasi yang diterapkan untuk sintesis biodiesel dari minyak sawit ataupun minyak­ minyak nabati lainnya dianggap belum memberikan perolehan yang ekonomis untuk pengadaan bahan bakar untuk mesin-mesin diesel di Indonesia. Penggunaan metanol sebesar 2-3 kali jumlah molar asam-asam lemak bebasnya (ALB) adalah tidak ekonomis sekaligus berbahaya mengingat sifatnya sebagai  bahan kimia beracun dan berbahaya (B3), sedangkan perolehan metil ester dari minyak saw it atau Palm Oil Methyl Ester (POME) hanya sekitar 70 %-v. Sintesis biodiesel ozonida dianggap sebagai alternatif yang lebih baik, yaitu aplikasi reaksi ozonolisis secara kuasi paralel dalam reaksi transesterifikasi tersebut menggunakan etanol, sehingga dihasilkan biodiesel atau etil­ester ozonida. Ozon yang digunakan merupakan produk in situ dari ozonator dengan bahan baku udara, pada laju produksi ozon sekitar 5,5 gram/jam dengan alir udara umpan 400-800 L/jam. Sintesis biodiesel ozonida ini lebih menyukai etanol (96%-v) sebagai pelarut protik dibandingkan dengan metanol, baik menggunakan katalis (zeolit/GAC) maupun tanpa katalis, pada suhu 55-72ºC dan tekanan atmosferik. Penggunaan etanol dapat dihemat sampai sekitar 31,15-39,85 %-mol dari jumlah yang diperlukan untuk sintesis biodiesel konvensional. Dari hasil uji kinerja produk biodiesel ozonidanya, didapatkan informasi tentang indeks setana, daya, dan torsi yang lebih baik dari minyak solar di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Minyak Sawit, Biodiesel, Metil Ester, Etil Ester, Ozonida, Ozonolisis


Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuchra Helwani ◽  
Muliadi Ramli ◽  
Edy Saputra ◽  
Bahruddin Bahruddin ◽  
Delvi Yolanda ◽  
...  

In this work, calcium oxide (CaO) extracted from eggshell impregnated with magnetite (Fe3O4) is prepared successfully and it had been applied on transesterification of palm oil off-grade. Prior experiment, the eggshells material are powdered and calcined at 900 °C then impregnated with Fe3O4 and recalcined. The obtained Fe3O4/CaO catalyst is characterized using X-ray diffraction and Braunaeur–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area. The influence of various parameters including recalcined time and temperature are investigated. The prepared catalyst is tested for transesterification of palm oil off-grade to produce biodiesel in which the optimal conditions of a methanol/palm oil off-grade molar ratio of 10:1, the catalyst weight of 6%, the reaction temperature of 70 °C, and the reaction time of 2 h. The transesterification product was analyzed using GC-MS, which showed the biodiesel yield of 90% at the recalcined temperature of 600 °C and reaction time of 2 h. It has been noted that the catalyst activity is achieved when the moderate recalcination temperature is applied and the disordered structure of the catalyst is maintained. This study also confirms that CaO impregnated with Fe3O4 could be a solid catalyst for the biodiesel synthesis through transesterification reaction of palm oil off-grade.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kania Zara ◽  
Sesia Fitri Anisa ◽  
Shafira Nabilla ◽  
Setijo Bismo

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 1793-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriakos N. Papageridis ◽  
Nikolaos D. Charisiou ◽  
Savvas Douvartzides ◽  
Victor Sebastian ◽  
Steven J. Hinder ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Haryani Zabaruddin ◽  
Nor Hasimah Mohamed ◽  
Luqman Chuah Abdullah ◽  
Masao Tamada ◽  
Yuji Ueki ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 1655 ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Sri Rezeki Muria ◽  
Yelmida Azis ◽  
Khairat ◽  
Desy Erika Putri ◽  
Zultiniar ◽  
...  

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