The role of pretreatment in improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoni Sun ◽  
Shaolong Sun ◽  
Xuefei Cao ◽  
Runcang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials in aqueous media and the subsequent microbiological synthesis of bioethanol

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Skiba ◽  
V. V. Budaeva ◽  
O. V. Baibakova ◽  
E. V. Udoratina ◽  
E. G. Shakhmatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Microbiological Synthesis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Enzymatic Activity in the M Band

1959 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Barrnett ◽  
George E. Palade
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Histochemical Reaction ◽  
Esterase Inhibitors ◽  
Enzymatic Nature ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Thiolacetic Acid

Experiments which combined histochemistry and electron microscopy were performed in studying the sites of enzymatic hydrolysis of thiolacetic acid in the presence of lead ions in diaphragmatic and cardiac muscle. It was found that in these striated muscles the electron opaque, final product of the histochemical reaction (PbS) was discretely deposited on the swelling of the thick elemental filaments that occurs at the M band. Additional sites of enzymatic activity occurred in mitrochondria and in round sarcoplasmic bodies. A reaction, probably non-enzymatic, also occurred in contraction bands in the area of the Z bands and in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. To ascertain the enzymatic nature of the reaction and to define the enzyme involved, control experiments were carried out and the effect of various esterase inhibitors was assayed. It is suggested that the M band enzyme is a cholinesterase, but the enzymes in the mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic bodies that hydrolyze the substrate appear to be different. A possible role of the M band enzyme is discussed.

Kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials at different concentrations of the substrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Budaeva ◽  
E. A. Skiba ◽  
O. V. Baibakova ◽  
E. I. Makarova ◽  
S. E. Orlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Ammonia Fiber Expansion (Afex) Treatment of Wheat Straw for Production of Bioethanol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Farshidreza Emam
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Ammonia Fiber Expansion ◽  
Afex Pretreatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) treatment is a technique that is able to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of lignocellulosic materials. In this technique, lignocellulosic materials are treated by liquid ammonia under pressure followed by rapid release of pressure that expands the fiber structure and increases enzyme access to lignocellulose polysaccharides. However, the AFEX treatment variables such as the mass ratio of ammonia to lignocellulosic biomass, moisture of lignocellulose (moisture content of biomass), temperature, and residence time need to be evaluated to find the maximum efficiency of this treatment. The efficiency of the AFEX pretreatment was quantified by the yield of released sugars during enzymatic hydrolysis of the AFEX-treated wheat straw. The optimal treatment conditions for wheat straw were found to be: ammonia-to-wheat straw ratio, 1:1; temperature, 95°C; moisture content of wheat straw, 70% (dry weight basis); and residence time, 5 minutes. Under these conditions, almost 89% of the theoretical sugars were released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the AFEX-treated wheat straw. The enzymatic hydrolysis results showed the significance of AFEX pretreatment of wheat straw when compared to untreated wheat straw with released sugars yield of only 26 %.

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