The impact of sample processing on the rapid antigen detection test for SARS-CoV-2: Virus inactivation, VTM selection, and sample preservation

AbstractTemperature and relative humidity are major factors determining virus inactivation in the environment. This article reviews inactivation data of coronaviruses on surfaces and in liquids from published studies and develops secondary models to predict coronaviruses inactivation as a function of temperature and relative humidity. A total of 102 D-values (time to obtain a log10 reduction of virus infectivity), including values for SARS-CoV-2, were collected from 26 published studies. The values obtained from the different coronaviruses and studies were found to be generally consistent. Five different models were fitted to the global dataset of D-values. The most appropriate model considered temperature and relative humidity. A spreadsheet predicting the inactivation of coronaviruses and the associated uncertainty is presented and can be used to predict virus inactivation for untested temperatures, time points or new coronavirus strains.ImportanceThe prediction of the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on fomites is essential to investigate the importance of contact transmission. This study collects available information on inactivation kinetics of coronaviruses in both solid and liquid fomites and creates a mathematical model for the impact of temperature and relative humidity on virus persistence. The predictions of the model can support more robust decision-making and could be useful in various public health contexts. Having a calculator for the natural clearance of SARS-CoV-2 depending on temperature and relative humidity could be a valuable operational tool for public authorities.

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Rapid antigen detection test for group A streptococcus in children with pharyngitis

10.1002/14651858.cd010502 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jérémie F Cohen ◽

Robert Cohen ◽

Martin Chalumeau

Keyword(s):

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Antigen Detection ◽

Rapid Antigen Detection Test ◽

Group A

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2620. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Rapid Antigen Detection Test, Can It Be Trusted?

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S912-S912

Author(s):

Nicole Titze ◽

Jasjit Singh ◽

Wendi Gornick

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antigen Detection ◽

Urgent Care ◽

Viral Fusion ◽

Rapid Antigen Detection Test ◽

Viral Fusion Protein ◽

Test Kit ◽

Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Many emergency departments and urgent care settings use the commonly available Respiratory Syncytial Virus Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RSV RADT) to diagnose children with RSV. We noted discordant results between RADT and definitive testing. Our study looked at the positive predictive value (PPV) and the false discovery rate (FDR) of the RSV RADT at our facility. Methods We pro- and retrospectively reviewed all patients with positive RSV RAPD tests from July 1, 2017 through March 31, 2019. The test utilized was the QuickVue® RSV Test Kit (QUIDEL Corp, CA, USA), which detects the viral fusion protein present in RSV. Of the tests performed, we chose patients who had definitive testing with either a direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) or a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We then calculated the PPV as well as the FDR of the RSV RADT during the total interval period, as well as off-season periods (April 1 through October 31) and in-season periods (November 1 through March 31). Results During the study period there were 1128 RSV RADT tests performed, of which 232 had definitive testing with either DFA or PCR (Figures 1 and 2). We found the overall PPV during the study period was 63.3%. During the off-season 30 positive RSV RADT received definitive testing, of which 6 were positive, which yields a PPV of only 20%. In season, 202 RSV RADT received additional testing with 141 positive for RSV. The PPV was 69.8%. The FDR correlated with 36.7% throughout the entire studied period, 80% during the off-season and 30.2% during in-season. As expected, the PPV was higher during times of higher prevalence (Figure 3). Conclusion Based on our results, utilization of the RSV RADT during time of low prevalence yields a high false detection rate and should therefore be discouraged. The use during times of high prevalence yields only modest results and is unlikely to aid in clinical decision-making. Our results differ from those published by the manufacturer (PPV 84%), and may reflect differences in sample collection in the acute care setting. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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The impact of sample processing on inflammatory markers in serum: Lessons learned

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/15622975.2019.1696474 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 230-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexander Y. Pan ◽

Euijung Ryu ◽

Jennifer R. Geske ◽

Xinyang Y. Zhou ◽

Susan L. McElroy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Sample Processing ◽

The Impact

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Modeling the Inactivation of Viruses from the Coronaviridae Family in Response to Temperature and Relative Humidity in Suspensions or on Surfaces

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01244-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (18) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Laurent Guillier ◽

Sandra Martin-Latil ◽

Estelle Chaix ◽

Anne Thébault ◽

Nicole Pavio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Inactivation Kinetics ◽

Virus Infectivity ◽

Virus Inactivation ◽

Public Authorities ◽

Data Set ◽

Contact Transmission ◽

Major Factors ◽

Response To Temperature ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Temperature and relative humidity are major factors determining virus inactivation in the environment. This article reviews inactivation data regarding coronaviruses on surfaces and in liquids from published studies and develops secondary models to predict coronaviruses inactivation as a function of temperature and relative humidity. A total of 102 D values (i.e., the time to obtain a log10 reduction of virus infectivity), including values for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were collected from 26 published studies. The values obtained from the different coronaviruses and studies were found to be generally consistent. Five different models were fitted to the global data set of D values. The most appropriate model considered temperature and relative humidity. A spreadsheet predicting the inactivation of coronaviruses and the associated uncertainty is presented and can be used to predict virus inactivation for untested temperatures, time points, or any coronavirus strains belonging to Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus genera. IMPORTANCE The prediction of the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on fomites is essential in investigating the importance of contact transmission. This study collects available information on inactivation kinetics of coronaviruses in both solid and liquid fomites and creates a mathematical model for the impact of temperature and relative humidity on virus persistence. The predictions of the model can support more robust decision‐making and could be useful in various public health contexts. A calculator for the natural clearance of SARS-CoV-2 depending on temperature and relative humidity could be a valuable operational tool for public authorities.

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